Comparison of macroscopic and microscopic (stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy) features of bone lesions due to hatchet hacking trauma

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• 作者：Luísa Nogueira ; Gérald Quatrehomme…
• 关键词：Forensic anthropology ; Bone trauma ; Hatchet marks ; Hacking tool ; Stereomicroscopy ; Scanning electron microscopy
• 刊名：International Journal of Legal Medicine
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：March 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：131
• 期：2
• 页码：465-472
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Medicine
• 刊物主题：Forensic Medicine; Medical Law; Medicine/Public Health, general;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1437-1596
• 卷排序：131

文摘

This experimental study examined the lesions produced by a hatchet on human bones (tibiae). A total of 30 lesions were produced and examined macroscopically (naked eye) and by stereomicroscopy. 13 of them were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The general shape of the lesion, both edges, both walls, the kerf floor and the extremities were described. The length and maximum width of the lesions were also recorded. The microscopic analysis of the lesions led to the description of a sharp-blunt mechanism. Specific criteria were identified (lateral pushing back, fragmentation of the upraising, fossa dug laterally to the edge and vertical striae) enabling the forensic expert to conclude that a hacking instrument was used. These criteria are easily identifiable using scanning electron microscopy, but can also be observed with stereomicroscopy. Overall, lateral pushing back and vertical striae visible using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy signal the use of a hacking tool.