Effects of Taiji Practice on Mindfulness and Self-Compassion in Healthy Participants—A Randomized Controlled Trial

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Marko Nedeljkovic (1)
  Petra H. Wirtz (2)
  Brigitte Ausfeld-Hafter (1)
  
• 关键词：Taiji ; Mindfulness ; Self ; compassion ; Mind–body ; Randomized controlled trial
• 刊名：Mindfulness
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：September 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：3
• 期：3
• 页码：200-208
• 全文大小：337KB
• 参考文献：1. Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. / Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 125-43. CrossRef
  2. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-reported assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. / Assessment, 13(1), 27-5. CrossRef
  3. Barnes, P. M., Powell-Griner, E., McFann, K., & Nahin, R. L. (2004). Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults: United States. / Advance Data, 343, 1-9.
  4. Bertisch, S. M., Wee, C. C., Phillips, R. S., & McCarthy, E. P. (2009). Alternative mind–body therapies used by adults with medical conditions. / Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 66(6), 511-19. CrossRef
  5. Birnie, K., Speca, M., & Carlson, L. E. (2010). Exploring self-compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR). / Stress and Health, 26(5), 359-71. CrossRef
  6. B?gels, S. M., Lehtonen, A., & Restifo, K. (2010). Mindful parenting in mental health care. / Mindfulness, 1(2), 107-20. CrossRef
  7. Caldwell, K., Harrison, M., Adams, M., Quin, R. H., & Greeson, J. (2010). Developing mindfulness in college students through movement based courses: Effects on self-regulatory self-efficacy, mood, stress, and sleep quality. / Journal of American College Health, 58(5), 433-42. CrossRef
  8. Cohen, J. (1988). / Statistical power analysis for the behavior sciences. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
  9. Cullen, M. (2011). Mindfulness-based interventions: An emerging phenomenon. / Mindfulness, 2(3), 186-93. CrossRef
  10. Esch, T., Duckstein, J., Welke, J., Stefano, G. B., & Braun, V. (2007). Mind/body technique for physiological and psychological stress reduction: Stress management via Tai Chi training—A pilot study. / Medical Science Monitor, 13(11), CR488–CR497.
  11. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. / Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-91. CrossRef
  12. Frantzis, B. K. (1998). / The power of internal martial arts: Combat secrets of Ba Gua, Tai Chi, and Hsing-I. Berkley, CA: North Atlantic Books.
  13. Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. / Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(1), 35-3. CrossRef
  14. Gyllensten, A. L., Hui-Chan, C. W. Y., & Tsang, W. W. N. (2010). Stability limits, single-leg jump, and body awareness in older Tai Chi practitioners. / Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(2), 215-20. CrossRef
  15. Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: a meta-analytic review. / Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169-83. CrossRef
  16. Hupfeld, J., & Ruffieux, N. (2011). Validation of a german version of the self-compassion scale (SCS-D). / Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 40(2), 115-23. CrossRef
  17. Jacobson, B. H., Chen, H., Cashel, C., & Guerrero, L. (1997). The effect of T’ai Chi Chuan training on balance, kinaesthetic sense, and strength. / Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84(1), 27-3. CrossRef
  18. Jahnke, R., Larkey, L., Rogers, C., Etnier, J., & Lin, F. (2010). A comprehensive review of health benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi. / American Journal of Health Promotion, 24(6), e1–e25. CrossRef
  19. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. / Clinical Psychology, 10(2), 144-56.
  20. Klein, P. J., & Adams, W. D. (2004). Comprehensive therapeutic benefits of Taiji: A critical review. / American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 83(9), 735-45. CrossRef
  21. Kohls, N., Sauer, S., & Walach, H. (2009). Facets of mindfulness—results of an online study investigating the Freiburg mindfulness inventory. / Personality and Individual Differences, 46(2), 224-30. CrossRef
  22. Kuyken, W., Watkins, E., Holden, E., White, K., Taylor, R. S., Byford, S., et al. (2010). How does mindfulness-based cognitive therapy work? / Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(11), 1105-112. CrossRef
  23. Michalsen, A. (2010). Stressed patients, stressed physicians and the need for mind-body medicine. / Forschende Komplement?rmedizin, 17(5), 237-39.
  24. National Institutes of Health (2010). What is complementary and alternative medicine? Retrieved from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam/
  25. Nedeljkovic, M., Ausfeld-Hafter, B., Streitberger, K., Seiler, R., & Wirtz, P. H. (2012). Taiji practice attenuates psychobiological stress reactivity—A randomized controlled trial in healthy subjects. / Psychoneuroendocrinology. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.12.007 .
  26. Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. / Self and Identity, 2, 85-02. CrossRef
  27. Neff, K. D. (2003b). Development and validation of a scale to measure selfcompassion. / Self and Identity, 2, 223-50. CrossRef
  28. Neff, K. D. (2009). Self-compassion. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), / Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 561-73). New York: Guilford Press.
  29. Ospina, M. B., Bond, K., Karkhaneh, M., Buscemi, N., Dryden, D. M., Barnes, V., et al. (2008). Clinical trials of meditation practices in health care: Characteristics and quality. / Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 14(10), 1199-213. CrossRef
  30. Praissman, S. (2008). Mindfulness-based stress reduction: A literature review and clinician’s guide. / Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 20(4), 212-16. CrossRef
  31. Robinson, R. (2006). / Tai Chi for you—The comprehensive guide to Tai Chi at home for everybody. London: Duncan Braid Publishers.
  32. Shapiro, S. L., Astin, J. A., Bishop, S. R., & Cordova, M. (2005). Mindfulness based stress reduction for health care professionals: Results from a randomized trial. / International Journal of Stress Management, 12(2), 164-76. CrossRef
  33. Uhlig, T., Fongen, C., Steen, E., Christie, A., & Odegard, S. (2010). Exploring Tai Chi in rheumatoid arthritis: A quantitative and qualitative study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 11(43). doi:10.1186/1471-2474-11-43
  34. Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmüller, V., Kleinknecht, N., & Schmidt, S. (2006). Measuring mindfulness—The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). / Personality and Individual Differences, 40(8), 1543-555. CrossRef
  35. Wall, R. B. (2005). Tai Chi and mindfulness-based stress reduction in a Boston public middle school. / Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 19(4), 230-37. CrossRef
  36. Wang, C. (2011). Taiji and rheumatic diseases. / Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America, 37(1), 19-2. CrossRef
  37. Wang, C., Bannuru, R., Ramel, J., Kupelnick, B., Scott, T., & Schmid, C.H. (2010). Tai Chi on psychological well-being: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 10(23). doi:10.1186/1472-6882-10-23
  38. Wayne, P. M., & Kaptchuk, T. J. (2008a). Challenges inherent to T’ai Chi research: Part I—T’ai Chi as a complex multicomponent intervention. / Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 14(1), 95-02. CrossRef
  39. Wayne, P. M., & Kaptchuk, T. J. (2008b). Challenges inherent to T’ai Chi research: Part II—defining the intervention and optimal study design. / Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 14(2), 191-97. CrossRef
  40. Wolf, S. L., Coogler, C., & Xu, T. (1997). Exploring the basis for Tai Chi Chuan as a therapeutic exercise approach. / Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 78(8), 886-92. CrossRef
  41. Zahn, W.L. (2009). The effects of Tai Chi Chuan on mindfulness, mood, and quality of life in adolescent girls. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Proquest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI 3324384).
  
• 作者单位：Marko Nedeljkovic (1)
  Petra H. Wirtz (2)
  Brigitte Ausfeld-Hafter (1)
  
  1. Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Imhoof-Pavillon, Inselspital, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
  2. Institute of Psychology, Department of Biological and Health Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
  

文摘

Taiji is regarded as a mind–body practice that is characterized by gentle and mindful body movements. In contrast to the continuously growing evidence base supporting the beneficial effects of Taiji on physical and mental well-being, studies investigating its underlying mechanisms are still scarce. The aim of our study was to examine the impact of Taiji practice on self-attribution of mindfulness and self-compassion, two potential components well known for their health promoting effects. Seventy healthy participants (age range: 23-0?years) were randomly assigned either to the intervention group or to a wait list control group. The intervention group attended Taiji classes twice a week for 3?months. Before, shortly after and 2?months after the intervention, we measured the degree of self-attributed mindfulness and self-compassion in all study participants by using self-report questionnaires. Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed significantly higher increase scores in self-attributed mindfulness after the intervention that persisted 2?months later. Increases in self-attributed self-compassion were also higher in Taiji practitioners, with significant group differences from preintervention to follow-up assessment. Our findings suggest that Taiji practice can effectively enhance self-attribution of mindfulness and is likely to have beneficial effects on self-compassion in healthy participants. The role of mindfulness as a mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of Taiji practice warrants further research.