Effects of human activities on the spatial distribution of eastern roe deerCapreolus pygargus bedfordi in the Lesser Khingan Mountains, northeastern China

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Guangshun Jiang (1)
  Jianzhang Ma (1)
  Minghai Zhang (1)
  Philip Stott (2)
  
• 关键词：Capreolus pygargus bedfordi ; Eastern roe deer ; human disturbances ; Lesser Khingan Mountains ; resource selection functions ; spatial distribution ; TSS
• 刊名：Acta Theriologica
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：March 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：54
• 期：1
• 页码：61-76
• 全文大小：773KB
• 参考文献：1. Akaike H. 1974. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 19: 716鈥?23. CrossRef
  2. Allouche O., Tsoar A. and Kadmon R. 2006. Assessing the accuracy of species distribution models: prevalence, kappa and the true skill statistic (TSS). Journal of Applied Ecology 43: 1223鈥?232. CrossRef
  3. Anderson D. R., Burnham K. P. and Thompson W. L. 2000. Null hypothesis testing: problems, prevalence, and an alternative. The Journal of Wildlife Management 64: 912鈥?23. CrossRef
  4. Bender D. J., Contreras T. A. and Fahrig L. 1998. Habitat loss and population decline: a meta-analysis of the patch size effect. Ecology 79: 517鈥?33. CrossRef
  5. Bowyer R. T., van Ballenberghe V., Kie J. G. and Maier J. A. 1999. Birth-site selection by Alaskan moose: Maternal strategies for coping with a risky environment. Journal of Mammalogy 80: 1070鈥?083. CrossRef
  6. Boyce M. S., Vernier P. R., Nielsen S. E. and Schmiegelow F. K. A. 2002. Evaluating resource selection functions. Ecological Modelling 157: 281鈥?00. CrossRef
  7. Burnham K. P. and Anderson D. R. 2001. Kullback-Leibler information as a basis for strong inference in ecological studies. Wildlife Research 28: 111鈥?19. CrossRef
  8. Campbell T. A., Laseter B. R., Ford W. M., and Miller K. V. 2004. Movements of female white-tailed deer ( / Odocoileus virginianus) in relation to timber harvests in the central Appalachians. Forest Ecology and Management 199: 371鈥?78.
  9. Carroll C., Zielinski W. J. and Noss R. F. 1999. Using presence-absence data to build and test spatial habitat models for fisher in the Klamath region, USA. Conservation Biology 13: 1344鈥?359. CrossRef
  10. Chang H. and Xiao Q. Z. 1988. The selection of red deer habitat in Dailing region during the winter. Acta Theriologica Sinica 8: 81鈥?8. [In Chinese with English summary]
  11. Cihlar J., Laurent L. S. T. and Dyer J. A. 1991. Relation between the normalized difference vegetation index and ecological variables. Remote Sensing of Environment 35: 279鈥?98. CrossRef
  12. Cliff A. D. and Ord J. K. 1981. Spatial processes-models and applications. Pion, London: 1鈥?66.
  13. Conroy M. J., Cohen Y., James F. C., Matsinos Y. G. and Maurer B. A. 1995. Parameter estimation, reliability, and model improvement for spatially explicit models of animal populations. Ecological Applications 5: 17鈥?9. CrossRef
  14. Crist E. P. and Ciscone R. C. 1984. Application of the tasseled cap concept to simulated thematic mapper data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 50: 343鈥?52.
  15. Dale M. R. T. 2000. Lacunarity analysis of spatial pattern: a comparison. Landscape Ecology 15: 467鈥?78. CrossRef
  16. Dro偶d偶 A. 1979. Seasonal intake and digestibility of natural foods by roe deer. Acta Theriologica 24: 137鈥?70.
  17. Dussault C., Ouellet J. P., Courtois R., Huot J., Breton L. and Jolicoeur H. 2005. Linking moose habitat selection to limiting factors. Ecography 28: 619鈥?28. CrossRef
  18. ERDAS Inc. 2001a. ERDAS IMAGINE 8.5 Tour Guides.
  19. ERDAS Inc. 2001b. IMAGINE Subpixel-Classifier 8.5 User Guides.
  20. ESRI (Environmental System Research Institute). 1996. Using Arcview GIS. ESRI, Inc., Redlands, Califonia, USA.
  21. Flemming S. P., Holloway G. L., Watts E. J. and Lawrance P. S. 1999. Characteristics of foraging trees selected by pileated woodpeckers in New Brunswick. The Journal of Wildlife Management 63: 461鈥?69. CrossRef
  22. Ford W. M., Johnson A. S. and Hale P. H. 1994. Nutritional quality of deer browse in southern Appalachian clearcuts and mature forests. Forest Ecology and Management 67: 149鈥?57. CrossRef
  23. Forman R. T. T., Sperling D., Bissonette J. A., Clevenger A. P., Custshall C. D., Dale V. H., Fahrig L., France R., Goldman C. R., Heanue K., Jones J. A., Swanson F. J., Turrentine T. and Winter T. C. 2003. Road ecology. Science and Solutions. Island Press, Washington, D.C.: 1鈥?81.
  24. Hayward M. W., de Tores P. J. and Banks P. B. 2005. Habitat use of the quokka Setonix brachyurus ( / Macropodidae marsupialia) in the northern jarrah forest of Australia. Journal of Mammalogy 86: 683鈥?88. CrossRef
  25. Hayward M. W., de Tores P. J., Dillon M. J. and Banks P. B. 2007. Predicting the occurrence of the quokka, Setonix brachyurus ( / Macropodidae marsupialia), in Western Australia鈥檚 northern jarrah forest. Wildlife Research 34: 194鈥?99. CrossRef
  26. Henein K., Wegner J. and Merriam G. 1998. Population effects of landscape model manipopulaiton on two behaviourally different woodland small mammals. Oikos 81: 168鈥?86. CrossRef
  27. Hernandez L. and Laundre J. W. 2005. Foraging in the 鈥渓andscape of fear鈥?and its implications for habitat use and diet quality of elk / Cervus elaphus and bison / Bison bison. Wildlife Biology 11: 215鈥?20. CrossRef
  28. Hofmann R. R. 1985. Digestive physiology of the deer 鈥?their morphophysiological specialisation and adaptation. Royal Society of New Zealand Bulletin 22: 393鈥?07.
  29. Hosmer D. W. and Lemeshow S. 2000. Applied logistic regression. John Wiley and Sons, New York: 1鈥?73. CrossRef
  30. Huberty C. J. (eds) 1994. Applied Discriminant Aanalysis. Wiley Interscience, New York, NY: 35鈥?7.
  31. Jaeger J. A. G., Bowman J., Brennan J., Fahrig L., Bert D., Bouchard J., Charbonneau N., Frank K., Gruber B. and Tluk von Toschanowitz K. 2005. Predicting when animal populations are at risk from roads: an interactive model of road avoidance behavior. Ecological Modelling 185: 329鈥?48. CrossRef
  32. Jepsen J. U. and Topping C. J. 2004. Modelling roe deer ( / Capreolus capreolus) in a gradient of forest fragmentation: behavioural plasticity and choice of cover. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82: 1528鈥?541. CrossRef
  33. Jiang G. S., Ma J. Z. and Zhang M. H. 2006. Spatial distribution of ungulate responses to habitat factors in Wandashan Forest Region, northeastern China. The Journal of Wildlife Management 70: 1470鈥?476. CrossRef
  34. Jiang G. S., Zhang M. H. and Ma J. Z. 2007. Effects of human disturbance on movement, foraging and bed selection in red deer / Cervus elaphus xanthopygus from the Wandashan Mountains, northeastern China. Acta Theriologica 52: 435鈥?46. CrossRef
  35. Jiang G. S., Zhang M. H. and Ma J. Z. 2008. Habitat use and separation between red deer and roe deer in relation to human disturbance in the Wandashan mountains, northeastern China. Wildlife Biology 14: 92鈥?00. CrossRef
  36. Jiang Z. W., Xu L., Wang Y. Q., Jiao P. R. and Liu H. F. 1996. Winter resting site selection by roe deer at Huzhong, Daxinganling Mountains, northeastern China. Zoological Research 17: 108, 128, 138.
  37. Johnson C. J., Boyce M. S., Mulders R., Gun A., Cluff H. D. and Case R. L. 2004. Quantifying patch distribution at multiple spatial scales: application to wildlife-habitat models. Landscape Ecology 19: 869鈥?82. CrossRef
  38. Keating K. A. and Cherry S. 2004. Use and interpretation of logistic regression in habitat selection studies. The Journal of Wildlife Management 68: 774鈥?89. CrossRef
  39. Kie J. G. 1999. Optimal foraging and risk of predation: Effects on behavior and social structure in ungulates. Journal of Mammalogy 80: 1114鈥?129. CrossRef
  40. Koenig W. D. 1999. Spatial autocorrelation of ecological phenomena. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14: 22鈥?6. CrossRef
  41. Komers P. E. 1997. Behavioural plasticity in variable environments. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75: 161鈥?69. CrossRef
  42. Latham J. 1999. Interspecific interaction of ungulates in European forests: an overview. Forest Ecology Management 120: 13鈥?1. CrossRef
  43. Legendre P. and Legendre L. (eds) 1998. Numerical ecology developments in environmental modelling. Elsevier, Amsterdam: 63鈥?5.
  44. Lennart H. 2002. Mammal movements and foraging at remnant woodland inside coniferous forest landscape. Forest Ecology and Management 160: 109鈥?14. CrossRef
  45. Li Y. Z., Xiao Q. Z. and Chen H. P. 1992. Interspecies relation among moose, red deer and roe deer during winter in Shengshan Forest Farm, Heilongjiang Province. Acta Theriologica Sinica 2: 110鈥?16. [In Chinese with English summary]
  46. Lillesand T. M. and Kiefer R. M. 1994. Remote sensing and Interpretation. John Wiley and Sons, New York: 1鈥?50.
  47. Linnell J. D. C. and Andersen R. 1995. Site tenacity in roe deer: Short-term effects of logging. Wildlife Society Bulletin 23: 31鈥?5.
  48. Linnell J. D. C. and Andersen R. 1998. Territorial fidelity in roe deer bucks. Acta Theriologica 43: 67鈥?5.
  49. Loyn R. H., McNabb E. G., Volodina L. and Willig R. 2001. Modelling landscape distributions of large forest owls as applied to managing forests in north-east Victoria, Australia. Biological Conservation 97: 361鈥?76. CrossRef
  50. Mace R. D. and Waller J. S. 1996. Grizzly bear distribution and human conflicts in Jewel Basin Hiking Area, Swan Mountains, Montana. Wildlife Society Bulletin 24: 461鈥?67.
  51. Maichak E. J. 2004. Applicability of viewshed analysis to wildlife population estimation. The American Midland Naturalist 152: 277鈥?85. CrossRef
  52. Manfredo M. J. and Dayer A. A. 2004. Concepts for exploring the social aspects of human-wildlife conflict in a global context. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 9 (4): 1鈥?0. CrossRef
  53. Manly B. F. J., McDonald L., Thomas D. L., McDonald T. L. and Erickson W. P. (eds) 2002. Resource selection by animals. Second edition. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 1鈥?21.
  54. M氓nsson J., Kal茅n C., Kjellander P., Andr茅n H. and Smith H. 2007. Quantitative estimates of tree species selectivity by moose ( / Alces alces) in a forest landscape. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 22: 407鈥?14. CrossRef
  55. Marchand M. N. and Litvaitis J. A. 2004. Effects of habitat features and landscape composition on the population structure of a common aquatic turtle in a region undergoing rapid development. Conservation Biology 18: 758鈥?67. CrossRef
  56. Millspaugh J. J., Raedeke K. J., Brundige G. C. and Willmott C. C. 1998. Sum mer bed sites of elk ( / Cervus elaphus) in the Black Hills, South Dakota: considerations for thermal cover management. The American Midland Naturalist 139: 133鈥?40. CrossRef
  57. Mysterud A., P茅rez-Barber铆a F. J. and Gordon I. J. 2001. The effect of season, sex and feeding style on home range area versus body mass scaling in temperate ruminants. Oecologia 127: 30鈥?9. CrossRef
  58. Nelson J. R. 1982. Nutritional requirements and food habits. [In: Elk of North America ecology and management. J. W. Thomas, ed]. Stackpole Books, Harrisburg: 323鈥?67.
  59. Norusis M. J. 1999. SPSS for Windows Regression Models. 9.0. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs: 1鈥?35.
  60. Ormsby T. and Alvi J. 1999. Extension ArcView GIS. ESRI Press, Redlands, California, USA.
  61. R Development Core Team. 2006. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URLhttp://www.R-project.org.
  62. Rangel T. F. L. V. B., Diniz-Filho J. A. F. and Bini L. M. 2006. Towards an integrated computational tool for spatial analysis in macroecology and biogeography. Global Ecology and Biogeography 15: 321鈥?27. CrossRef
  63. Ratikainen I. I., Panzacchi M., Mysterud A., Odden J., Linnell J. and Andersen R. 2007. Use of winter habitat by roe deer at a northern latitude where Eurasian lynx are present. Journal of Zoology, London 273: 192鈥?99 CrossRef
  64. Rma G., Johnson A. L., Francis A., Hiscocks K. and Peace A. J. 1996. Changes in roe deer ( / Capreolus capreolus L.) population density in response to forest habitat succession. Forest Ecology and Management 88: 31鈥?1. CrossRef
  65. Schmidt K. 2008. Behavioural and spatial adaptation of the Eurasian lynx to a decline in prey availability. Acta Theriologica 53: 1鈥?6. CrossRef
  66. Sheng H. L., Cao K. Q., Li W. J., Ma Y. Q., Noriyuki O., Chapman N. G., Xu H. H. and Zhang E. D. 1992. The deer in China. East China Normal University Press, Shanghai: 234鈥?43. [In Chinese with English summary]
  67. SPSS Inc. (2001) SPSS for Windows, version 11.0.1. Chicago Illinois, USA.
  68. Stephenson T. R., Vaughan M. R. and Andersen D. E. 1996. Mule deer movements in response to military activity in southeast Colorado. The Journal of Wildlife Management 60: 777鈥?87. CrossRef
  69. Stevens D. R. 1970. Winter ecology of moose in the Gallatin Mountains, Montana. The Journal of Wildlife Management 34: 37鈥?6. CrossRef
  70. St. John R. A. 1995. Aspen stand recruitment and ungulate impacts: Gardiner Ranger District, Gardiner, Montana. MSc thesis, University of Montana, Missoula: 15鈥?4.
  71. Suring L. H., Barber K. R., Schwartz C. C., Bailey T. N., Shuster W. C. and Tetreau M. D. 1998. Analysis of cumulative effects on brown bears on Kenai Peninsula, southcentral Alaska. Ursus 10: 107鈥?17.
  72. Tsaparis D., Katsanevakis S., Stamouli C. and Legakis A. 2008. Estimation of roe deer / Capreolus capreolus and mouflon / Ovis aries densities, abundance and habitat use in a mountainous Mediterranean area. Acta Theriologica 53: 87鈥?4. CrossRef
  73. Vistnes I. and Nellemann C. 2001. Avoidance of cabins, roads, and power lines by reindeer during calving. The Journal of Wildlife Management 65: 915鈥?25. CrossRef
  74. Wang J., Robinson G. J. and Wiitie K. 1996. A fast solution to local viewshed computation using grid based digital elevation models. Photogramm Eng Rem S 62: 1157鈥?164.
  75. Wilson B. A., Aberton J. G. and Reichl T. 2001. Effects of fragmented habitat and fire on the distribution and ecology of the swamp antechinus ( / Antechinus minimus maritimus) in the eastern Otways, Victoria. Wildlife Research 28: 527鈥?36. CrossRef
  76. White J. D., Running S. W., Keane R. E. and Ryan K. C. 1997. Measurement and remote sensing of LAI in Rocky Mountain montane ecosystems. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27: 1714鈥?727. CrossRef
  77. Zhang M. H. and Xiao Q. Z. 1990. A study on feeding and bedding habitat selection by red deer in winter. Acta Theriologica Sinica 10: 175鈥?83. [In Chinese with English summary]
  78. Zipperer W. C., Burgess R. L. and Nyland R. D. 1990. Patterns of deforestation and reforestation in different landscape types in central New York. Forest Ecology and Management 36: 103鈥?17. CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Guangshun Jiang (1)
  Jianzhang Ma (1)
  Minghai Zhang (1)
  Philip Stott (2)
  
  1. College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
  2. School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, 5371, Roseworthy, Australia
  

文摘

Eastern roe deerCapreolus pygargus bedfordi Thomas, 1908 occurred throughout China historically, but today are only found in 7 provinces. Their populations in China have been greatly impacted by human disturbances. Little is known about what kinds of human disturbances impact their distribution and resource requirements for survival. A survey was conducted over 20 661 ha located at the Erkehe Forestry Farm in the Lesser Khingan Mountains, northeastern China. Field work lasted from January to March, 2006 and January to March, 2007, and a total of 613 plots were visited along 28 sampling transects. Predictive models of easter roe deer resource selection were developed with or without the inclusion of human disturbance factors. Whether human disturbance exists or not, eastern roe deer retained strong links to patch size and patch density of low shrub and swamp, and the probability of moose occurrence. Low shrub and swamps created after logging provide more abundant annual shoots for food, and were vital for survival in harsh winters. When human disturbance was not modeled, eastern roe deer avoided higher density of bothBetula platyphylla andLarix gmelinii patches at a landscape scale, and larger mixed coniferous and broad-leaf patchs at local scales. Once human disturbances existed, eastern roe deer occurred in areas with higher NDVI and they had a considerably lower probability of presence in areas associated with roads and with a forest harvest interval of 4 years. Consequently, to predict effects of human disturbance on eastern roe deer spatial distribution, models need to incorporate effects of other competitive species, multiple spatial scale resource variables respectively, which will provide more value information for management and use of eastern roe deer population.