Cyber-physical systems challenges: a needs analysis for collaborating embedded software systems

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Pieter J. Mosterman ; Justyna Zander
• 关键词：Cyber ; physical systems ; Computation ; Embedded systems ; Challenges ; Internet of Things ; Modeling and simulation
• 刊名：Software and Systems Modeling
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：15
• 期：1
• 页码：5-16
• 全文大小：370 KB
• 参考文献：1.Acatech Position Paper. Cyber-physical systems. Driving force for innovation in mobility, health, energy and production. Acatech—National Academy of Science and Engineering, Munich, Germany, December (2011)
  2.Arrieta, A., Sagardui, G., Etxeberria, L.: A model-based testing methodology for the systematic validation of highly configurable cyber-physical systems. In: The Sixth International Conference on Advances in System Testing and Validation Lifecycle, pp. 66–72 (2014)
  3.Atkinson, C., Stoll, D., Bostan, P.: Orthographic software modeling: a practical approach to view-based development. In: Maciaszek, L.A., González-Pérez, C., Jablonski, S. (eds.) Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering, vol. 69 of Communications in Computer and Information Science, pp. 206–219. Springer, Berlin (2010)
  4.Baillieul, J., Antsaklis, P.J.: Control and communication challenges in networked Real-Time systems. Proc. IEEE 95(1), 9–28 (2007)CrossRef
  5.Balarin, F., DAngelo, M., Davare, A., Densmore, D., Meyerowitz, T., Passerone, R., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A., Pinto, A., Simalatsar, A., Watanabe, Y., Yang, G., Zhu, Q.: Platform-based design and frameworks: metropolis and metro II. In: Computational Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Dynamic Systems, chapter 10, pp. 259–322. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2009). ISBN:9781420067842
  6.Basanta-Val, P., García-Valls, M., Estévez-Ayres, I.: Enhancing OSGi with real-time Java support. Softw. Pract. Exp. 43(1), 33–65 (2013)CrossRef
  7.Bencomo, N., France, R.B., Cheng, B.H., Aßmann, U. (eds.): Models@run.time, vol. 8378 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). Springer, Berlin (2014)
  8.Bennett, S., Linkens, D.A.: Real-Time Computer Control. London, UK, Peter Peregrinus (1984). ISBN:0-3090-8908-5
  9.Clarke, E.M., Grumberg, O., Jha, S., Lu, Y., Veith, H.: Counterexample-guided abstraction refinement. In: Computer Aided Verification, 12th International Conference, CAV 2000, Chicago, IL, USA, July 15–19, 2000, Proceedings, pp. 154–169 (2000)
  10.Cooklev, T., Eidson, J.C., Pakdaman, A.: An implementation of ieee 1588 over ieee 802.11b for synchronization of wireless local area network nodes. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 56(5), 1632–1639 (2007)CrossRef
  11.Dai, Z.R.: An approach to model-driven testing with uml 2.0, U2TP and TTCN-3. PhD thesis, Technical University Berlin. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag (2006). ISBN: 978-3-8167-7237-8
  12.Dorf, R.C.: Modern Control Systems. Addison Wesley, Reading (1987)
  13.Ferris, J.B., Stein, J.L.: Development of proper models of hybrid systems: a bond graph formulation. In: Cellier, F.E., Granda, J.J. (eds.) In: 1995 International Conference on Bond Graph Modeling and Simulation (ICBGM ’95), number 1 in Simulation, vol. 27, pp. 43–48. Society for Computer Simulation, Simulation Councils, Inc, Las Vegas, January (1995)
  14.France, R., Rumpe, B. (2007) Model-driven development of complex software: a research roadmap. In: 2007 Future of Software Engineering, FOSE ’07, pp. 37–54. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA (2007)
  15.France, R.B., Bernhard, R.: The evolution of modeling research challenges. Softw. Syst. Model. 12(2), 223–225 (2013)CrossRef
  16.García-Valls, M., Lopez, I.R., Fernández-Villar, L.: iLAND: an enhanced middleware for real-time reconfiguration of service oriented distributed real-time systems. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. 9(1), 228–236 (2013)CrossRef
  17.Zonghua, G., Zhao, Q.: A state-of-the-art survey on real-time issues in embedded systems virtualization. J. Softw. Eng. Appl. 5(4), 277–290 (2012)CrossRef
  18.Hoffert, J., Jiang, S., Schmidt, D.C.: A taxonomy of discovery services and gap analysis for ultra-large scale systems. In: Proceedings of the 45th Annual Southeast Regional Conference, ACM-SE 45, pp. 355–361. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2007)
  19.Horrocks, I., Patel-Schneider, P.F.: Knowledge representation and reasoning on the semantic web: OWL. In: Handbook of Semantic Web Technologies, Chapter 9, pp. 365–398. Springer, Berlin (2011)
  20.Huang, Y., Seck, M.D., Verbraeck, A.: Towards automated model calibration and validation in rail transit simulation. In: Sloot, P.M.A., van Albada, G.D., Dongarra, J. (eds.) Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS, pp. 1253–1259 (2010)
  21.Jiang, Z., Mosterman, P.J., Mangharam, R. (2014) Requirement-guided model refinement. Technical report MLAB-70, University of Pennsylvania
  22.Kaiser, B., Klaas, V., Schulz, S., Herbst, C., Lascych, P. (2010) Integrating system modelling with safety activities. In: Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security, 29th International Conference, SAFECOMP 2010, Vienna, Austria, September 14–17, 2010. Proceedings, pp. 452–465
  23.Kaiser, B., Liggesmeyer, P., Mäckel Oliver: A new component concept for fault trees. In: Proceedings of the 8th Australian Workshop on Safety Critical Systems and Software. vol. 33, SCS ’03, pp. 37–46. Australian Computer Society Inc. Darlinghurst, Australia (2003)
  24.Khadka, R., Sapkota, B., Pires, L.F., van Sinderen, M., Jansen, S.: Model-driven development of service compositions for enterprise interoperability. In: Enterprise Interoperability—Third International IFIP Working Conference, IWEI 2011, Stockholm, Sweden, March 23–24, 2011. Proceedings, pp. 177–190 (2011)
  25.Krishnamurthy, Y., Gill, C., Schmidt, D.C., Pyarali, I., Mgeta, L., Zhang, Y., Torri, S.: The design and implementation of real-time CORBA 2.0: dynamic scheduling in TAO. In: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE Real-Time Technology and Application Symposium (RTAS ’04), pp. 121–129 (2004)
  26.Lee, E.A.: Time for high-confidence cyber-physical systems, March 2012. In: Invited Plenary Talk, Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems (PerMIS-12) Workshop, University of Maryland
  27.Leitner, P., Schulte, S., Dustdar, S., Pill, I., Schulz, M., Wotawa, F.: The dark side of SOA testing: towards testing contemporary soas based on criticality metrics. In: 5th International ICSE Workshop on Principles of Engineering Service-Oriented Systems, PESOS 2013, May 26, 2013, pp. 45–53. San Francisco, CA, USA (2013)
  28.Levinson, J., Thrun, S.: Automatic online calibration of cameras and lasers. In: Proceedings of Robotics: Science and Systems, Berlin, Germany (2013)
  29.Liu, J., Zhao, F.: Towards service-oriented networked embedded computing. Technical report MSR-TR-2005-28, Microsoft Research, February (2005)
  30.McLean, Thom, Fujimoto, Richard M., Fitzgibbons, J.Brad: Middleware for real-time distributed simulations. Concur. Pract. Exp. 16(15), 1483–1501 (2004)CrossRef
  31.Miller, S.P., Whalen, M.W., O’Brien, D., Heimdahl, M.P., Joshi, A.: A methodology for the design and verification of globally asynchronous/locally synchronous architectures. Technical report NASA/CR-2005-213912, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Langley Research Center, September (2005)
  32.Mosterman, P.J., Biswas, G.: Towards procedures for systematically deriving hybrid models of complex systems. In: Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, Third International Workshop, HSCC 2000, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, March 23–25, 2000, Proceedings, pp. 324–337 (2000)
  33.Mosterman, P.J., Biswas, G.: a hybrid modeling and simulation methodology for dynamic physical systems. Simulation 78(1), 5–17 (2002)CrossRef MATH
  34.Mosterman, P.J., Sanabria, D.E., Bilgin, E., Zhang, K., Justyna, Z.: A heterogeneous fleet of vehicles for automated humanitarian missions. Comput. Sci. Eng. 12, 90–95 (2014)CrossRef
  35.Mosterman, P.J., Ghidella, J., Friedman, J: Model-based design for system integration. In: Proceedings of The Second CDEN International Conference on Design Education, Innovation, and Practice, pages CD-ROM: TB-3-1 through TB-3-10, Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada (2005)
  36.Mosterman, P.J., Ghidella, J.R., O’Brien, E.M.: Model-coverage as a quality measure and teaching tool for embedded control system design. In: Proceedings of the 2007 Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE 2007), pages T3J-1-6, Milwaukee, WI, October (2007)
  37.Mosterman, P.J., Prabhu, S., Erkkinen, T.: An industrial embedded control system design process. In: Proceedings of the Inaugural CDEN Design Conference (CDEN’04), Montreal, Canada, July (2004). CD-ROM: 02B6
  38.Mosterman, P.J., Sanabria, D.E., Bilgin, E., Zhang, K., Zander, J.: Automating humanitarian missions with a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles. Annu. Rev. Control 38(2), 259–270 (2014)CrossRef
  39.Mosterman, P.J., Vangheluwe, H.: Computer automated multi-paradigm modeling in control system design. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Aided Control System Design, pp. 65–70, Anchorage, Alaska, September (2000)
  40.Mosterman, P.J., Zander, J.: Advancing model-based design by modeling approximations of computational semantics. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Equation-Based Object-Oriented Modeling Languages and Tools, pp. 3–7, Zürich, Switzerland, September (2011). Keynote paper
  41.Mosterman, P.J., Zander, J.: GitHub Repository: Towers of Hanoi in MATLAB/Simulink for Industry 4.0. Jan 2015. doi:10.​5281/​zenodo.​13977
  42.Mosterman, P.J., Zander, J.: Industry 4.0 as a cyber-physical system study. Softw. Syst. Model. 15(1) (2016)
  43.Mosterman, P.J., Zander, J., Hamon, G., Denckla, B.: A computational model of time for stiff hybrid systems applied to control synthesis. Control Eng. Pract. 20(1), 2–13 (2012)CrossRef
  44.Mosterman, P.J., Zander, J., Han, Z.: The towers of hanoi as a cyber-physical system education case study. In: Proceedings of the First Workshop on Cyber-Physical Systems Education, Philadelphia, PA, April (2013)
  45.Muller, G.: Coping with system integration challenges in large complex environments. In: The Seventeenth International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering INCOSE, page paper ID: 7.1.4, Jun (2007)
  46.Di Natale, M.: Specification and simulation of automotive functionality using AUTOSAR. In: Computational Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Dynamic Systems, chapter 21, pp. 523–548. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2012). ISBN: 9781439846650
  47.Nicolescu, G., Mosterman, P.J. (eds).: Model-Based Design for Embedded Systems. Computational Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Dynamic Systems. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2009). ISBN: 9781420067842
  48.Palattella, M.R., Accettura, N., Vilajosana, X., Watteyne, T., Grieco, L.A., Boggia, G., Dohler, M.: Standardized protocol stack for the internet of (important) things. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 15(3), 1389–1406 (2013)CrossRef
  49.Pérez, H., Gutiérrez, J.J.: A survey on standards for real-time distribution middleware. ACM Comput. Surv. 46(4), 49:1–49:39 (2014)CrossRef
  50.Popovici, K., Mosterman, P.J. (eds).: Real-time Simulation Technologies: Principles, Methodologies, and Applications. Computational Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Dynamic Systems. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2012)
  51.President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. Leadership under challenge: information technology R&D in a competitive world. Technical report, Executive Office of the President of the United States, August (2007)
  52.Quigley, M., Conley, K., Gerkey, B.P., Faust, J., Foote, T., Leibs, J., Wheeler, R., Ng A.Y.: ROS: an open-source robot operating system. In: ICRA Workshop on Open Source Software (2009)
  53.Sameh, A.H., Cybenko, G.V., Kalos, M.H., Neves, K.W., Rice, J.R., Sorensen, D.C., Sullivan, F.P.: Computational science and engineering. ACM Comput. Surv. 28(4), 810–817 (1996)CrossRef
  54.Sanders, J.W., Smith, G.: Emergence and refinement. Form. Asp. Comput. 24(1), 45–65 (2012)CrossRef MathSciNet MATH
  55.Schmidt, D.C., Corsaro, A., Hag H.: Addressing the challenges of tactical information management in net-centric systems with DDS. CrossTalk special issue on Distributed Software Development (2008)
  56.Seceleanu, T., Sapienza, G.: A tool integration framework for sustainable embedded systems development. IEEE Comput. 46(11), 68–71 (2013)CrossRef
  57.Smith, B.W.: Automated vehicles are probably legal in the United States. Technical report, The Center for Internet and Society, Stanford, CA, November (2012)
  58.Song, Z., Cárdenas, A.A., Masuoka, R.: Semantic middleware for the internet of things. In: Internet of Things (IOT), vol. 2010, pp. 1–8 (2010)
  59.Steering Committee for Foundations in Innovation for Cyber-Physical Systems. Foundations for innovation: strategic opportunities for the 21st century cyber-physical systems-connecting computer and information systems with the physical world. Technical report, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), March 2013
  60.Stein, J.L., Louca, L.S.: A component-based modeling approach for system design: theory and implementation. In: Cellier, F.E., Granda, J.J. (eds.) 1995 International Conference on Bond Graph Modeling and Simulation (ICBGM ’95), number 1 in Simulation, vol. 27, pp. 109–115. Society for Computer Simulation, Simulation Councils, Inc., Las Vegas, January (1995)
  61.Sullivan, M.: Joint Strike Fighter-progress made and challenges remain. Technical report GAO-07-360, United States Government Accountability Office, March (2007)
  62.Taylor, S.J.E., Khan, A., Morse, K.L., Tolk, A., Yilmaz, L., Zander, J.: Grand challenges on the theory of modeling and simulation. In: Wainer, G.A., Mosterman, P.J., Barros, F.J., Zacharewicz, G. (eds.) SpringSim (TMS-DEVS), pp. 34. ACM (2013)
  63.Tsai, W.-T., Lee, Y.-H., Cao, Z., Chen, Y., Xiao, B.: RTSOA: real-time service-oriented architecture. In: Di Nitto, E., Hall, R.J., Han, J., Han, Y., Polini, A., Sandkuhl, K., Zisman, A. (eds.) 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Service-Oriented System Engineering, pp. 49–56. IEEE Computer Society, October (2006)
  64.Uhrmacher, A.M., Danny, W.: Multi-Agent Systems: Simulation and Applications, 1st edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2009)
  65.Waibel, M., Beetz, M., D’Andrea, R., Janssen, R., Tenorth, M., Civera, J., Elfring, J., Gálvez-López, D., Häussermann, K., Montiel, J.M.M., Perzylo, A., Schießle, B., Zweigle, O., van de Molengraft, R.: RoboEarth–A World Wide Web for Robots. Robot. Autom. Mag. 18(2), 69–82 (2011)CrossRef
  66.Zander, J., Haas, W.C.: Hardware/Software. In: Grant, C., Hamins, A., Bryner, N., Jones, A.,Koepke, G. (eds.) Research Agenda for Smart Fire Fighting. Summary Report, NIST Special Publication 1191, p. 246 (2015). doi:10.​6028/​NIST.​SP.​1191
  67.Zhang, Y., Gill, C.D., Lu, C.: Configurable middleware for distributed real-time systems with aperiodic and periodic tasks. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 21(3), 393–404 (2010)CrossRef MATH
  
• 作者单位：Pieter J. Mosterman (1)
  Justyna Zander (2)
  
  1. MathWorks, 3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA, 01760-2098, USA
  2. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Computer Science
• 刊物主题：Software Engineering, Programming and Operating Systems
  Programming Techniques
  Software Engineering
  Programming Languages, Compilers and Interpreters
  Information Systems Applications and The Internet
  Business Information Systems
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1619-1374

文摘

Embedding computing power in a physical environment has provided the functional flexibility and performance necessary in modern products such as automobiles, aircraft, smartphones, and more. As product features came to increasingly rely on software, a network infrastructure helped factor out common hardware and offered sharing functionality for further innovation. A logical consequence was the need for system integration. Even in the case of a single original end manufacturer who is responsible for the final product, system integration is quite a challenge. More recently, there have been systems coming online that must perform system integration even after deployment—that is, during operation. This has given rise to the cyber-physical systems (CPS) paradigm. In this paper, select key enablers for a new type of system integration are discussed. The needs and challenges for designing and operating CPS are identified along with corresponding technologies to address the challenges and their potential impact. The intent is to contribute to a model-based research agenda in terms of design methods, implementation technologies, and organization challenges necessary to bring the next-generation systems online. Keywords Cyber-physical systems Computation Embedded systems Challenges Internet of Things Modeling and simulation