Effects of gravel mulch on aeolian transport: a field wind tunnel simulation

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：KeCun Zhang (1)
  WeiMin Zhang (1)
  LiHai Tan (1)
  ZhiShan An (1)
  Hao Zhang (1)
  
  1. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification ; Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou ; 730000 ; China
  
• 关键词：gravel mulch ; wind speed profile ; sand transport ; drag velocity
• 刊名：Journal of Arid Land
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：June 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：7
• 期：3
• 页码：296-303
• 全文大小：1,190 KB
• 参考文献：1. Bagnold R A. 1941. The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes. London: Methuen.
  2. Chepil W S, Siddoway F H. 1959. Strain-gauge anemometer for analyzing various characteristics of wind turbulence. Journal of Meteorology, 16: 411鈥?18. CrossRef
  3. Cook R, Warren A, Goudie A. 1993. Desert Geomorpholgoy. London: UCL Press Ltd.
  4. Dong Z B, Gao S Y, Fryrear D W. 2001. Drag coefficients, roughness length and zero-plane displacement height as disturbed by artificial standing vegetation. Journal of Arid Environments, 49: 485鈥?05. CrossRef
  5. Dong Z B, Liu X P, Wang X M. 2002. Aerodynamic roughness of gravel surfaces. Geomorphology, 43: 17鈥?1. CrossRef
  6. Dong Z B, Wang H T, Liu X P, et al. 2004a. A wind tunnel investigation of the influences of fetch length on the flux profile of a sand cloud blowing over a gravel surface. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29(13): 1613鈥?626. CrossRef
  7. Dong Z B, Wang H T, Liu X P, et al. 2004b. The blown sand flux over a sandy surface: a wind tunnel investigation on the fetch effect. Geomorphology, 57: 117鈥?27. CrossRef
  8. Kaseke K F, Mills A J, Henschel J, et al. 2012. The effects of desert pavements (gravel mulch) on soil micro-hydrology. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 169: 873鈥?80. CrossRef
  9. Liu B L, Zhang W M, Qu J J, et al. 2011. Controlling windblown sand problems by an artificial gravel surface: a case study over the gobi surface of the Mogao Grottoes. Geomorphology, 134: 461鈥?69. CrossRef
  10. Livingstone L, Warren A. 1996. Aeolian geomorphology: an introduction. Singapore: Longman Singapore Publisher Ltd.
  11. McEwan I K, Willetts B B, Rice M A. 1992. The grain/bed collision in sand transport by wind. Sedimentology, 39: 971鈥?81. CrossRef
  12. Mckenna Neuman C. 1998. Particle transport and adjustments of the boundary layer over rough surfaces with an unrestricted, upwind supply of sediment. Geomorphology, 25: 1鈥?7. CrossRef
  13. Nalpanis P, Hunt J C R, Barrett C F. 1993. Saltating particles over flat beds. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 251: 661鈥?85. CrossRef
  14. Pye K. 1987. Aeolian Dust and Dust Deposits. London: Academic Press.
  15. Qu J J, Huang N, Dong G R, et al. 2001. The role and significance of the Gobi Desert pavement in controlling sand movement on the cliff top near the Dunhuang Magao Grottoes. Journal of Arid Environments, 48: 357鈥?71. CrossRef
  16. Qu J J, Huang N, Tuo W Q. 2005. Structural characteristics of Gobi sand-drift and its significance. Advances in Earth Science, 20(1): 19鈥?3. (in Chinese)
  17. Remigius E O. 2003. Wind tunnel study on aeolian saltation dynamics and mass flow. Journal of Arid Environments, 53: 569鈥?83. CrossRef
  18. Schmiedle U, Jurgens N. 2004. Habitat ecology of southern African quartz fields: studies on the thermal properties near the ground. Plant Ecology, 170: 153鈥?66. CrossRef
  19. Stone R. 2008. Shielding a Buddhist shrine from the howling desert sands. Science, 321: 1035. CrossRef
  20. Stout J E. 2007. Simultaneous observations of the critical aeolian threshold of two surfaces. Geomorphology, 85: 3鈥?6. CrossRef
  21. Stout J E, Arimoto R. 2010. Threshold wind velocities for sand movement in the Mescalero Sands of southeastern New Mexico. Journal of Arid Environments, 74: 1456鈥?460. CrossRef
  22. Tan L H, Zhang W M, Qu J J, et al. 2013. Aeolian sand transport over gobi with different gravel coverages under limited sand supply: a mobile wind tunnel investigation. Aeolian Research, 11: 67鈥?4. CrossRef
  23. Wang X M, Hua T, Zhang C X, et al. 2012. Aeolian salts in Gobi deserts of the western region of Inner Mongolia: gone with the dust aerosols. Atmospheric Research, 118: 1鈥?. CrossRef
  24. Wiggs G F S, Baird A J, Atherton R J. 2004. The dynamic effects of moisture on the entrainment and transport of sand by wind. Geomorphology, 59: 13鈥?0. CrossRef
  25. Wu Z. 1987. Aeolian Geomorphology. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
  26. Yin Y S. 1989. Study on sand drift in strong wind region in gravel desert. Journal of Desert Research, 9(4): 27鈥?6. (in Chinese)
  27. Zhang K C, Qu J J, Zu R P, et al. 2008. Characteristics of wind blown sand on Gobi and mobile sand surface. Environmental Geology, 54: 411鈥?16. CrossRef
  28. Zhang X Y, Arimoto R, An Z S, et al. 1993. Atmospheric trace elements over source regions for Chinese dust: concentrations, sources and atmospheric deposition on the Loess Plateau. Atmospheric Environment, 27: 2051鈥?067. CrossRef
  29. Zheng X J, He L H, Wu J J. 2004. Vertical profiles of mass flux for windblown sand movement at steady state. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 109, B01106, doi:10.1029/2003JB002656.
  
• 刊物主题：Physical Geography; Plant Ecology; Sustainable Development;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg

文摘

The shape, size and coverage of gravels have significant impacts on aeolian sand transport. This study provided an understanding of aeolian transport over the gravel mulching surfaces at different wind velocities by means of a mobile wind tunnel simulation. The tested gravel coverage increased from 5% to 80%, with a progressive increment of 5%. The gravels used in the experiments have three sizes in diameter. Wind velocities were measured using 10 sand-proof pitot-static probes, and mean velocity fields were obtained and discussed. The results showed that mean velocity fields obtained over different gravel mulches were similar. The analysis of wind speed patterns revealed an inherent link between gravel mulches and mean airflow characteristics on the gravel surfaces. The optimal gravel coverage is considered to be the critical level above or below which aeolian transport characteristics differ strongly. According to the present study, the optimal gravel coverage was found to be around 30% or 40%. Threshold velocity linearly increased with gravel coverage. Sand transport rate first increased with height above the wind tunnel floor (Hf), reaching a peak at some midpoint, and then decreased.