Pur-alpha regulates cytoplasmic stress granule dynamics and ameliorates FUS toxicity

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• 作者：J. Gavin Daigle ; Karthik Krishnamurthy ; Nandini Ramesh ; Ian Casci…
• 关键词：ALS ; FUS ; TDP ; 43 ; Pur ; alpha ; Stress granules ; RNA ; binding proteins ; Primary motor neurons ; Motor neuron diseases ; Neurodegeneration ; C9orf72 ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• 刊名：Acta Neuropathologica
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：131
• 期：4
• 页码：605-620
• 全文大小：4,743 KB
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• 作者单位：J. Gavin Daigle (1) (2)
  Karthik Krishnamurthy (3)
  Nandini Ramesh (2) (4)
  Ian Casci (2) (4)
  John Monaghan (2)
  Kevin McAvoy (3)
  Earl W. Godfrey (5)
  Dianne C. Daniel (6)
  Edward M. Johnson (6)
  Zachary Monahan (7)
  Frank Shewmaker (7)
  Piera Pasinelli (3)
  Udai Bhan Pandey (2) (4) (8)
  
  1. Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
  2. Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
  3. Frances and Joseph Weinberg Unit for ALS Research, Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  4. Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
  5. Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
  6. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
  7. Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
  8. Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Medicine
• 刊物主题：Medicine & Public Health
  Pathology
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-0533

文摘

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Mutations in several genes, including FUS, TDP43, Matrin 3, hnRNPA2 and other RNA-binding proteins, have been linked to ALS pathology. Recently, Pur-alpha, a DNA/RNA-binding protein was found to bind to C9orf72 repeat expansions and could possibly play a role in the pathogenesis of ALS. When overexpressed, Pur-alpha mitigates toxicities associated with Fragile X tumor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and C9orf72 repeat expansion diseases in Drosophila and mammalian cell culture models. However, the function of Pur-alpha in regulating ALS pathogenesis has not been fully understood. We identified Pur-alpha as a novel component of cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) in ALS patient cells carrying disease-causing mutations in FUS. When cells were challenged with stress, we observed that Pur-alpha co-localized with mutant FUS in ALS patient cells and became trapped in constitutive SGs. We also found that FUS physically interacted with Pur-alpha in mammalian neuronal cells. Interestingly, shRNA-mediated knock down of endogenous Pur-alpha significantly reduced formation of cytoplasmic stress granules in mammalian cells suggesting that Pur-alpha is essential for the formation of SGs. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Pur-alpha blocked cytoplasmic mislocalization of mutant FUS and strongly suppressed toxicity associated with mutant FUS expression in primary motor neurons. Our data emphasizes the importance of stress granules in ALS pathogenesis and identifies Pur-alpha as a novel regulator of SG dynamics.