Mendelian-Mutationism: The Forgotten Evolutionary Synthesis

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• 作者：Arlin Stoltzfus ; Kele Cable
• 关键词：Mutationism ; Darwinism ; de Vries ; Morgan ; Bateson ; Punnett
• 刊名：Journal of the History of Biology
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：November 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：47
• 期：4
• 页码：501-546
• 全文大小：569 KB
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• 作者单位：Arlin Stoltzfus (1) (2)
  Kele Cable (3)
  
  1. Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
  2. Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, NIST, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
  3. Program in the History of Science and Technology, University of Minnesota, 108 Pillsbury Hall, 310 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0231, USA
  
• ISSN：1573-0387

文摘

According to a classical narrative, early geneticists, failing to see how Mendelism provides the missing pieces of Darwin’s theory, rejected gradual changes and advocated an implausible yet briefly popular view of evolution-by-mutation; after decades of delay (in which synthesis was prevented by personal conflicts, disciplinary rivalries, and anti-Darwinian animus), Darwinism emerged on a new Mendelian basis. Based on the works of four influential early geneticists -Bateson, de Vries, Morgan and Punnett - and drawing on recent scholarship, we offer an alternative that turns the classical view on its head. For early geneticists, embracing discrete inheritance and the mutation theory (for the origin of hereditary variation) did not entail rejection of selection, but rejection of Darwin’s non-Mendelian views of heredity and variation, his doctrine of natura non facit saltum, and his conception of “natural selection-as a creative force that shapes features out of masses of infinitesimal differences. We find no evidence of a delay in synthesizing mutation, rules of discrete inheritance, and selection in a Mendelian-Mutationist Synthesis. Instead, before 1918, early geneticists had conceptualized allelic selection, the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, the evolution of a quantitative trait under selection, the probability of fixation of a new mutation, and other key innovations. Contemporary evolutionary thinking seems closer to their more ecumenical view than to the restrictive mid-twentieth-century consensus known as the Modern Synthesis.