Effects of allopurinol on exercise-induced muscle damage: new therapeutic approaches?
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- 作者：F. Sanchis-Gomar (1) (2)
H. Pareja-Galeano (1) (2)
C. Perez-Quilis (3)
A. Santos-Lozano (4) (5)
C. Fiuza-Luces (5) (6)
N. Garatachea (5) (7)
G. Lippi (8)
A. Lucia (5) (6) - 关键词：Xanthine oxidase ; Free radicals ; Muscle injury ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Sarcopenia ; Cachexy
- 刊名：Cell Stress and Chaperones
- 出版年：2015
- 出版时间：January 2015
- 年：2015
- 卷：20
- 期：1
- 页码：3-13
- 全文大小：475 KB
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H. Pareja-Galeano (1) (2)
C. Perez-Quilis (3)
A. Santos-Lozano (4) (5)
C. Fiuza-Luces (5) (6)
N. Garatachea (5) (7)
G. Lippi (8)
A. Lucia (5) (6)
1. Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Iba帽ez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain
2. Fundaci贸n Investigaci贸n Hospital Cl铆nico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
3. University Research Institute 鈥淒r. Vi帽a Giner鈥? Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia 鈥淪an Vicente M谩rtir鈥? Valencia, Spain
4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Le贸n, Le贸n, Spain
5. Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (鈥渋 + 12鈥?, Madrid, Spain
6. European University, Madrid, Spain
7. University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
8. Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Academic Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy - ISSN：1466-1268
文摘
Intensive muscular activity can trigger oxidative stress, and free radicals may hence be generated by working skeletal muscle. The role of the enzyme xanthine oxidase as a generating source of free radicals is well documented and therefore is involved in the skeletal muscle damage as well as in the potential transient cardiovascular damage induced by high-intensity physical exercise. Allopurinol is a purine hypoxanthine-based structural analog and a well-known inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. The administration of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol may hence be regarded as promising, safe, and an economic strategy to decrease transient skeletal muscle damage (as well as heart damage, when occurring) in top-level athletes when administered before a competition or a particularly high-intensity training session. Although continuous administration of allopurinol in high-level athletes is not recommended due to its possible role in hampering training-induced adaptations, the drug might be useful in non-athletes. Exertional rhabdomyolysis is the most common form of rhabdomyolysis and affects individuals participating in a type of intense exercise to which they are not accustomed. This condition can cause exercise-related myoglobinuria, thus increasing the risk of acute renal failure and is also associated with sickle cell trait. In this manuscript, we have reviewed the recent evidence about the effects of allopurinol on exercise-induced muscle damage. More research is needed to determine whether allopurinol may be useful for preventing not only exertional rhabdomyolysis and acute renal damage but also skeletal muscle wasting in critical illness as well as in immobilized, bedridden, sarcopenic or cachectic patients.