Slow injection of nefopam reduces pain intensity associated with intravenous injection: a prospective randomized trial
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- 作者：Young Min Kim (1)
Byung Gun Lim (1)
Heezoo Kim (1)
Myoung Hoon Kong (1)
Mi Kyoung Lee (1)
Il Ok Lee (1) - 关键词：Intravenous injections ; Injection pain ; Nefopam ; Visual analogue pain scale
- 刊名：Journal of Anesthesia
- 出版年：2014
- 出版时间：June 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：28
- 期：3
- 页码：399-406
- 全文大小：
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Byung Gun Lim (1)
Heezoo Kim (1)
Myoung Hoon Kong (1)
Mi Kyoung Lee (1)
Il Ok Lee (1)
1. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Korea - ISSN：1438-8359
文摘
Purpose We aimed to investigate the frequency and severity of pain associated with intravenous injection of nefopam and to determine whether a slow rate of administration can effectively reduce such pain. Methods We used a solution containing 30?mg nefopam diluted to 20?ml in saline. In all, 102 adult patients undergoing minor surgery were randomly allocated to one of three administration groups: A (60?ml/h, n?=?34); B (120?ml/h, n?=?34); or C (180?ml/h, n?=?34). All patients scored the maximal pain experienced during the 120-s infusion period, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the verbal pain score (VPS). Adverse events including phlebitis were recorded. Results Eighty-three patients (29 in group A, 27 each in groups B and C) were included in the final analysis. The incidence of injection pain was lower in group A (86.2?%) than in groups B (96.3?%) and C (100?%), but this difference was not statistically significant. The proportion of patients with a tolerable level of pain (VAS 0- and VPS 0-) was significantly higher in group A (79.3?%) versus groups B (7.4?%) and C (3.7?%). The mean VAS scores for groups A, B, and C were 2.2?±?1.3, 5.1?±?1.6, and 7.2?±?1.7, respectively, and these differences were statistically significant. Conclusions At the slower rate of infusion (60?ml/h) of the 1.5?mg/ml nefopam solution, injection pain intensity was attenuated to a significantly greater degree than at the faster rates.