Eales' disease - current concepts in diagnosis and management

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• 作者：Jyotirmay Biswas (1)
  Reesha Karingattil Ravi (2)
  Angayarkanni Naryanasamy (3)
  Lily Therese Kulandai (4)
  Hajib Naraharirao Madhavan (4)
  
• 关键词：Eales' disease ; Human leukocyte antigen ; Antioxidants ; Retinal vasculitis ; Photocoagulation ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Tuberculosis ; Vitrectomy
• 刊名：Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：December 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：3
• 期：1
• 全文大小：164KB
• 参考文献：1. Eales H: Retinal haemorrhages associated with epistaxis and constipation. / Brim Med 1880, 9:262.
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  5. Therese KL, Deepa P, Therese J, Bagyalakshmi R, Biswas J, Madhavan HN: Association of mycobacteria with Eales鈥?disease. / Indian J Med Res 2007, 126:56鈥?2.
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  11. Saxena S, Pant AB, Khanna VK, Agarwal AK, Singh K, Kumar D, Singh VK: Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha: novel targets for immunotherapy in Eales disease. / Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2009, 17:201鈥?06. CrossRef
  12. Sen A, Hussain I, Mukhopadhyay D, Paine SK, Mukherjee A, Mondal LK, Chatterjee M, Bhattacharya B: Increased toll-like receptor-2 expression on nonclassic CD16+ monocytes from patients with inflammatory stage of Eales' disease. / Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011,52(9):6940鈥?948. CrossRef
  13. Sen A, Paine SK, Chowdhury IH, Mukherjee A, Choudhuri S, Saha A, Mandal LK, Bhattacharya B: Impact of IL-6 promoter polymorphism and serum IL-6 level on acute inflammation and neovascularization stage of patients with Eales' disease. / Mol Vis 2011, 17:2552鈥?563.
  14. Rajesh M, Sulochana KN, Coral K, Punitham R, Biswas J, Babu K, Ramakrishnan S: Determination of carbonyl groups content in plasma proteins as a useful marker to assess the impairment in antioxidant defense in patients with Eales鈥?disease. / Indian J Ophthalmol 2004, 52:139鈥?44.
  15. Rajesh M, Ramesh A, Ravi PE, Balakrishnamurthy P, Coral K, Punitham R, Sulochana KN, Biswas J, Ramakrishnan S: Accumulation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and its relationship with antioxidant parameters in patients with Eales鈥?disease: implications for antioxidant therapy. / Curr Eye Res 2003, 27:103鈥?10. CrossRef
  16. Rajesh M, Sulochana KN, Punitham R, Biswas J, Lakshmi S, Ramakrishnan S: Involvement of oxidative and nitrosative stress in promoting retinal vasculitis in patients with Eales鈥?disease. / Clin Biochem 2003, 36:377鈥?85. CrossRef
  17. Rajesh M, Sulochana KN, Ramakrishnan S, Biswas J, Manoharan PT: Iron chelation abrogates excessive formation of hydroxyl radicals and lipid peroxidation products in monocytes of patients with Eales鈥?disease: direct evidence using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. / Curr Eye Res 2004, 28:399鈥?07. CrossRef
  18. Rajesh M, Sulochana KN, Sundaram AL, Krishnakumar S, Biswas J, Ramakrishnan S: Presence of a 88 kDa Eales protein in uveitis, tuberculosis, leprosy and rheumatoid arthritis. / Med Sci Monit 2003,9(2):95鈥?9.
  19. Selvi R, Angaayarkanni N, Bharathselvi M, Sivaramakrishna R, Anisha T, Jyotirmay B, Vasanthi B: Increase in Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio and iron induced oxidative stress in Eales鈥?disease and presence of Ferrous iron in circulating transferrin. / Curr Eye Res 2007, 32:677鈥?83. CrossRef
  20. Sen A, Suman K, Chowdhury H, Mukherjee A, Choudhury S, Mandal L, Bhattacharya B: Assessment of gelatinase and tumor necrosis factor-伪 level in the vitreous and serum of patients with Eales鈥?disease. / Retina 2011, 31:1412鈥?420. CrossRef
  21. Ogata N, Tombran-tink J, Nishikawa M, Nishimura T, Mitsuma Y, Sakamoto T, Matsumura M: Pigment epithelium derived factor in the vitreous is low in diabetic retinopathy. / J Ocul Biol Dis Inform 2009, 2:20鈥?8. CrossRef
  22. Boehm BO, Lang G, Volpert O, Jehle PM, Kurkhaus A, Rosinger S, Lang GK, Bouck N: Low content of the natural ocular anti-angiogenic agent pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in aqueous humor predicts progression of diabetic retinopathy. / Diabetologia 2003, 46:394鈥?00.
  23. Angayarkanni N, Selvi R, Pukhraj R, Biswas J, Bhavesh SJ, Tombran-Tink J: Ratio of the vitreous vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelial-derived factor in Eales disease. / J Ocul Biol Dis Inform 2009, 2:20鈥?8. CrossRef
  24. Tiwari A, Trivedi AC, Srivastava P, Pant AB, Saxena S: Comparative modeling of retinol-binding protein-3 and retinal S antigen in Eales鈥?disease and prediction of their binding sites using computational methods. / J Ocul Biol Dis Inform 2010,3(3):88鈥?1. CrossRef
  25. Abu El-Asrar AM, Al-Kharashi SA: Full panretinal photocoagulation and early vitrectomy improve prognosis of retinal vasculitis associated with tuberculoprotein hypersensitivity (Eales鈥?disease). / Br J Ophthalmol 2002, 86:1248鈥?251. CrossRef
  26. Agrawal S, Agrawal J, Agrawal TP: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in Eales disease. / Retina 2006,26(2):227鈥?29. CrossRef
  27. Selvi R, Angayarkanni N, Biswas J, Ramakrishnan S: Total antioxidant capacity in Eales鈥?disease, uveitis & cataract. / Indian J Med Res 2011,134(1):83鈥?0.
  28. Saxena S, Srivastava P, Khanna VK: Antioxidant supplementation improves platelet membrane fluidity in idiopathic retinal periphlebitis (Eales' disease). / J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2010,26(6):623鈥?26. CrossRef
  29. Ramakrishnan S, Sulochana KN, Lahshmi S, Selvi R, Angayarkanni N: Biochemistry of homocysteine in health and diseases. / Indian J Biochem Biophys 2006, 43:273鈥?83.
  30. Ramakrishnan S, Selvi R, Saijyothi AV, Biswas J, Bharathselvi M: Clinical and biochemical benefits of oral administration of antioxidant vitamins E & C in patients with Eales disease. / Biomedicine 2012. in press
  31. Kumar A, Tiwari HK, Sngh RP, Verma L, Prasad N: Comparative evaluation of early vs. deferred vitrectomy in Eales鈥?disease. / Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2000, 78:77鈥?8. CrossRef
  32. Shukla D, Kanungo S, Prasad NM, Kim R: Surgical outcomes for vitrectomy in Eales鈥?disease. / Eye 2008, 22:900鈥?04. CrossRef
  33. Kumar A, Sinha S: Rapid regression of disc and retinal neovascularization in a case of Eales disease after intravitreal bevacizumab. / Can J Ophthalmol 2007,42(2):335鈥?36. CrossRef
  34. K眉cx眉kerd枚nmez C, Akova YA, Yilmaz G: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in Eales disease. / Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2008, 16:63鈥?5. CrossRef
  35. Chanana B, Azad RV, Patwardhan S: Role of intravitreal bevacizumab in the management of Eales鈥?disease. / Int Ophthalmol 2010, 30:57鈥?1. CrossRef
  36. Raju B, Raju NS, Raju AS, Rajamma SP: Spontaneous relief of vitreomacular traction and regression of neovascularisation in Eales disease after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. / Retin Cases Brief Rep 2009, 3:128鈥?29. CrossRef
  37. Patwardhan SD, Azad R, Shah BM, Sharma Y: Role of intravitreal bevacizumab in Eales disease with dense vitreous hemorrhage: a prospective randomized control study. / Retina 2011, 31:866鈥?70. CrossRef
  38. Ishaq M, Niazi MK: Usefulness of laser photocoagulation in managing asymptomatic eyes of Eales disease. / J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2002,14(4):22鈥?5.
  39. Asghar A, Niazi JH: Role of vitrectomy in the management of Eales鈥?disease. / Pak J Ophthalmol 2007,23(1):1鈥?.
  40. Ishaq M, Niazi MK: Usefulness of pars plana vitrectomy in managing asymptomatic eyes of Eales' disease. / J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2003,15(1):50鈥?3.
  
• 作者单位：Jyotirmay Biswas (1)
  Reesha Karingattil Ravi (2)
  Angayarkanni Naryanasamy (3)
  Lily Therese Kulandai (4)
  Hajib Naraharirao Madhavan (4)
  
  1. Department of Uveitis and Ocular Pathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, No. 41, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, 600006, India
  2. Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box No. 23, Angamaly Kochi, Kerala, 683572, India
  3. Biochemistry Department, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, No. 41, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, 600006, India
  4. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, No. 41, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, 600006, India
  

文摘

Eales' disease, first described by the British ophthalmologist Henry Eales in 1880, is characterized by three overlapping stages of venous inflammation (vasculitis), occlusion, and retinal neovascularization. Diagnosis is mostly clinical and requires exclusion of other systemic or ocular conditions that could present with similar retinal features. In recent years, immunological, molecular biological, and biochemical studies have indicated the role of human leukocyte antigen, retinal autoimmunity, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome, and free radical-mediated damage in the etiopathogenesis of this disease. However, its etiology appears to be multifactorial. The management depends on the stage of the disease and consists of medical treatment with oral corticosteroids in the active inflammatory stage and laser photocoagulation in the advanced retinal ischemia and neovascularization stages.