Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is one of the few treatment options for patients suffering from non-obstructive urinary retention (NOUR) aside from intermittent or continuous bladder drainage. We describe the surgical techniques of device implantation in these patients and compare advantages and disadvantages of various approaches. We review the mechanism of action of SNM in the context of NOUR and summarize the evidence supporting using this treatment for these patients. We also describe SNM in the setting of Fowler syndrome and how this subset of patients can uniquely benefit.KeywordsSacral neuromodulation (SNM)Non-obstructive urinary retention (NOUR)Urine retention