Retention and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in saturated soils of arctic hillslopes

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Tamara K. Harms ; Sarah M. Ludwig
• 关键词：Ammonium (NH4 +) ; Arctic ; Hillslope ; Nitrate (NO3 −) ; Phosphate (PO4 3−) ; Water residence time
• 刊名：Biogeochemistry
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：127
• 期：2-3
• 页码：291-304
• 全文大小：958 KB
• 参考文献：ACIA (2005) Arctic climate impact assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
  Addy K, Kellogg DQ, Gold AJ, Groffman PM, Ferendo G, Sawyer C (2002) In situ push-pull method to determine ground water denitrification in riparian zones. J Environ Qual 31:1017–1024CrossRef
  Allison SD, Vitousek PM (2005) Responses of extracellular enzymes to simple and complex nutrient inputs. Soil Biol Biochem 37:937–944CrossRef
  Borden PW, Ping CL, McCarthy PJ, Naidu S (2010) Clay mineralogy in arctic tundra gelisols, northern Alaska. Soil Sci Soc Am J 74(2):580–592CrossRef
  Bowden WB, Gooseff MN, Balser A, Green A, Peterson BJ, Bradford J (2008) Sediment and nutrient delivery from thermokarst features in the foothills of the North Slope, Alaska: potential impacts on headwater stream ecosystems. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 113:G02026CrossRef
  Buckeridge KM, Cen YP, Layzell DB, Grogan P (2010) Soil biogeochemistry during the early spring in low arctic mesic tundra and the impacts of deepened snow and enhanced nitrogen availability. Biogeochemistry 99:127–141CrossRef
  Burgin A, Hamilton S (2008) NO 3 − -driven SO 4 2− production in freshwater ecosystems: implications for N and S cycling. Ecosystems 11(6):908–922CrossRef
  Carey SK, Woo M (2001) Spatial variability of hillslope water balance, Wolf Creek basin, subarctic Yukon. Hydrol Process 15(16):3113–3132CrossRef
  Castellano MJ, Lewis DB, Kaye JP (2013) Response of soil nitrogen retention to the interactive effects of soil texture, hydrology, and organic matter. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 118(1):280–290CrossRef
  Chapin FS III, Barsdate RJ, Barel D (1978) Phosphorus cycling in Alaskan coastal tundra: a hypothesis for the regulation of nutrient cycling. Oikos 31(2):189–199CrossRef
  Chapin FS, Fetcher N, Kielland K, Everett KR, Linkins AE (1988) Productivity and nutrient cycling of Alaskan tundra: enhancement by flowing soil water. Ecology 69(3):693–702CrossRef
  Chapin FS, Shaver GR, Giblin AE, Nadelhoffer KJ, Laundre JA (1995) Responses of arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate. Ecology 76:694–711CrossRef
  Clilverd HM, Jones JB, Kielland K (2008) Nitrogen retention in the hyporheic zone of a glacial river in interior Alaska. Biogeochemistry 88(1):31–46CrossRef
  Edwards KA, McCulloch J, Kershaw GP, Jefferies RL (2006) Soil microbial and nutrient dynamics in a wet Arctic sedge meadow in late winter and early spring. Soil Biol Biochem 38(9):2843–2851CrossRef
  Flewelling SA, Herman JS, Hornberger GM, Mills AL (2012) Travel time controls the magnitude of nitrate discharge in groundwater bypassing the riparian zone to a stream on Virginia’s coastal plain. Hydrol Process 26(8):1242–1253CrossRef
  Frey K, McClelland J, Holmes R, Smith L (2007) Impacts of climate warming and permafrost thaw on the riverine transport of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Kara Sea. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 112:G04S58CrossRef
  Giblin AE, Nadelhoffer KJ, Shaver GR, Laundre JA, McKerrow AJ (1991) Biogeochemical diversity along a riverside toposequence in arctic Alaska. Ecol Monogr 61(4):415–435CrossRef
  Harms TK, Jones JBJ (2012) Thaw depth determines reaction and transport of inorganic nitrogen in valley bottom permafrost soils. Glob Change Biol 18:2958–2969CrossRef
  Hedin LO, von Fischer JC, Ostrom NE, Kennedy BP, Brown MG, Robertson GP (1998) Thermodynamic constraints on nitrogen transformations and other biogeochemical processes at soil-stream interfaces. Ecology 79(2):684–703
  Hill AR (1996) Nitrate removal in stream riparian zones. J Environ Qual 25:743–755CrossRef
  Hill AR, Kemp WA, Buttle JM, Goodyear D (1999) Nitrogen chemistry of subsurface storm runoff on forested Canadian Shield hillslopes. Water Resour Res 35(3):811–821CrossRef
  Hinckley ELS, Barnes RT, Anderson SP, Williams MW, Bernasconi SM (2014) Nitrogen retention and transport differ by hillslope aspect at the rain-snow transition of the Colorado Front Range. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 119(7):1281–1296CrossRef
  Holmes RM, Jones JBJ, Fisher SG, Grimm NB (1996) Denitrification in a nitrogen-limited stream ecosystem. Biogeochemistry 33:125–146CrossRef
  Holmes RM, McClelland JW, Raymond PA, Frazer BB, Peterson BJ, Stieglitz M (2008) Lability of DOC transported by Alaskan rivers to the Arctic Ocean. Geophys Res Lett 35(3):L03402CrossRef
  Iversen CM, Sloan VL, Sullivan PF, Euskirchen ES, McGuire AD, Norby RJ, Walker AP, Warren JM, Wullschleger SD (2015) The unseen iceberg: plant roots in arctic tundra. New Phytol 205(1):34–58CrossRef
  Jones JB, Petrone KC, Finlay JC, Hinzman LD, Bolton WR (2005) Nitrogen loss from watersheds of interior Alaska underlain with discontinuous permafrost. Geophys Res Lett 32(2):L02401CrossRef
  Kaushal S, Groffman P, Mayer P, Striz E, Gold A (2008) Effects of stream restoration on denitrification in an urbanizing watershed. Ecol Appl 18(3):789–804CrossRef
  Keuper F, van Bodegom PM, Dorrepaal E, Weedon JT, van Hal J, van Logtestijn RSP, Aerts R (2012) A frozen feast: thawing permafrost increases plant-available nitrogen in subarctic peatlands. Glob Change Biol 18:1998–2007CrossRef
  Lansdown K, Heppell CM, Trimmer M, Binley A, Heathwaite AL, Byrne P, Zhang H (2015) The interplay between transport and reaction rates as controls on nitrate attenuation in permeable, streambed sediments. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 120:1093–1109CrossRef
  Lavoie M, Mack MC, Schuur EAG (2011) Effects of elevated nitrogen and temperature on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in Alaskan arctic and boreal soils. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 116:G03013CrossRef
  Lewis DB, Grimm NB, Harms TK, Schade JD (2007) Subsystems, flowpaths, and the spatial variability of nitrogen in a fluvial ecosystem. Landsc Ecol 22:911–924CrossRef
  Louiseize NL, Lafrenière MJ, Hastings MG (2014) Stable isotopic evidence of enhanced export of microbially derived NO3 − following active layer slope disturbance in the Canadian High Arctic. Biogeochemistry 121(3):565–580CrossRef
  Lovett GM, Goodale CL (2011) A new conceptual model of nitrogen saturation based on experimental nitrogen addition to an Oak Forest. Ecosystems 14(4):615–631CrossRef
  McClelland J, Stieglitz M, Pan F, Holmes R, Peterson B (2007) Recent changes in nitrate and dissolved organic carbon export from the upper Kuparuk River, North Slope, Alaska. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 112:G04S60CrossRef
  McNamara JP, Kane DL, Hinzman LD (1997) Hydrograph separations in an Arctic watershed using mixing model and graphical techniques. Water Resour Res 33(7):1707–1719CrossRef
  McNamara JP, Kane DL, Hinzman LD (1999) An analysis of an arctic channel network using a digital elevation model. Geomorphology 29:339–353CrossRef
  McNamara JP, Kane DL, Hobbie JE, Kling GW (2008) Hydrologic and biogeochemical controls on the spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Kuparuk River, arctic Alaska. Hydrol Process 22(17):3294–3309CrossRef
  Munroe JS, Bockheim JG (2001) Soil development in low-arctic tundra of the northern Brooks Range, Alaska. Arct Antarct Alp Res 33(1):78–87CrossRef
  Nadelhoffer KJ, Giblin AE, Shaver GR, Laundre JA (1991) Effects of temperature and substrate quality on element mineralization in 6 arctic soils. Ecology 72(1):242–253CrossRef
  O’Brien WJ, Barfield M, Bettez N, Hershey AE, Hobbie JE, Kipphut G, Kling G, Miller MC (2005) Long-term response and recovery to nutrient addition of a partitioned arctic lake. Freshw Biol 50(5):731–741CrossRef
  Ocampo CJ, Oldham CE, Sivapalan M (2006) Nitrate attenuation in agricultural catchments: shifting balances between transport and reaction. Water Resour Res 42(1):W01408CrossRef
  Peterson BJ, Deegan L, Helfrich J, Hobbie JE, Hullar M, Moller B, Ford TE, Hershey A, Hiltner A, Kipphut G, Lock MA, Fiebig DM, McKinley V, Miller MC, Vestal JR, Ventullo R, Volk G (1993) Biological responses of a tundra river to fertilization. Ecology 74(3):653–672CrossRef
  Ping CL, Bockheim JG, Kimble JM, Michaelson GJ, Walker DA (1998) Characteristics of cryogenic soils along a latitudinal transect in Arctic Alaska. J Geophys Res Atmos 103(D22):28917–28928CrossRef
  Quinton WL, Gray DM, Marsh P (2000) Subsurface drainage from hummock-covered hillslopes in the Arctic tundra. J Hydrol 237(1–2):113–125CrossRef
  Reyes FR, Lougheed VL (2015) Rapid nutrient release from permafrost thaw in arctic aquatic ecosystems. Arct Antarct Alp Res 47(1):35–48CrossRef
  Rinehart AJ, Jones JB, Harms TK (2015) Hydrologic and biogeochemical influences on carbon processing in the riparian zone of a subarctic stream. Freshw Sci 34(1):222–232CrossRef
  Schaeffer SM, Sharp E, Schimel JP, Welker JM (2013) Soil-plant N processes in a High Arctic ecosystem, NW Greenland are altered by long-term experimental warming and higher rainfall. Glob Change Biol 19(11):3529–3539
  Schimel JP, Bilbrough C, Welker JA (2004) Increased snow depth affects microbial activity and nitrogen mineralization in two Arctic tundra communities. Soil Biol Biochem 36(2):217–227CrossRef
  Schmidt IK, Jonasson S, Shaver GR, Michelsen A, Nordin A (2002) Mineralization and distribution of nutrients in plants and microbes in four arctic ecosystems: responses to warming. Plant Soil 242(1):93–106CrossRef
  Shaver GR, Chapin FS (1980) Response to fertilization by various plant growth forms in an Alaskan tundra: nutrient accumulation and growth. Ecology 61:662–675CrossRef
  Shaver GR, Chapin FS (1991) Production-biomass relationships and element cycling in contrasting arctic vegetation types. Ecol Monogr 61(1):1–31CrossRef
  Shaver GR, Johnson LC, Cades DH, Murray G, Laundre JA, Rastetter EB, Nadelhoffer KJ, Giblin AE (1998) Biomass and CO2 flux in wet sedge tundras: responses to nutrients, temperature, and light. Ecol Monogr 68(1):75–97
  Simmons RC, Gold AJ, Groffman PM (1992) Nitrate dynamics in riparian forests: groundwater studies. J Environ Qual 21:659–665CrossRef
  Sistla SA, Asao S, Schimel JP (2012) Detecting microbial N-limitation in tussock tundra soil: implications for Arctic soil organic carbon cycling. Soil Biol Biochem 55:78–84CrossRef
  Slavik K, Peterson BJ, Deegan LA, Bowden WB, Hershey AE, Hobbie JE (2004) Long-term responses of the Kuparuk River ecosystem to phosphorus fertilization. Ecology 85(4):939–954CrossRef
  Stieglitz M, Shaman J, McNamara J, Engel V, Shanley J, Kling GW (2003) An approach to understanding hydrologic connectivity on the hillslope and the implications for nutrient transport. Global Biogeochem Cycles 17(4):1105–1120CrossRef
  Stream_Solute_Workshop (1990) Concepts and methods for assessing solute dynamics in stream ecosystems. J N Am Benthol Soc 9(2):95–119CrossRef
  Toolik_Environmental_Data_Center_Team (2013) Meteorological monitoring program at Toolik, Alaska. Toolik Field Station, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks
  Townsend-Small A, McClelland JW, Holmes RM, Peterson BJ (2011) Seasonal and hydrologic drivers of dissolved organic matter and nutrients in the upper Kuparuk River, Alaskan Arctic. Biogeochemistry 103(1–3):109–124CrossRef
  Triska FJ, Duff JH, Avanzino RJ (1990) Influence of exchange flow between the channel and hyporheic zone on nitrate production in a small mountain stream. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 47(11):2099–2111CrossRef
  van Verseveld WJ, McDonnell JJ, Lajtha K (2009) The role of hillslope hydrology in controlling nutrient loss. J Hydrol 367(3–4):177–187CrossRef
  Vincent AG, Sundqvist MK, Wardle DA, Giesler R (2014) Bioavailable Soil Phosphorus Decreases with Increasing Elevation in a Subarctic Tundra Landscape. PLoS ONE 9(3):e92942CrossRef
  Voytek E, Rushlow C, Godsey SE, Singha K Identifying hydrologic flowpaths on arctic hillslopes using electrical resistivity and self potential. Geophysics (in press)
  Weintraub MN, Schimel JP (2005) The seasonal dynamics of amino acids and other nutrients in Alaskan Arctic tundra soils. Biogeochemistry 73(2):359–380CrossRef
  Welter JR, Fisher SG, Grimm NB (2005) Nitrogen transport and retention in an arid land watershed: influence of storm characteristics on terrestrial-aquatic linkages. Biogeochemistry 76(3):421–440CrossRef
  Wickland KP, Aiken GR, Butler K, Dornblaser MM, Spencer RGM, Striegl RG (2012) Biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in the Yukon River and its tributaries: seasonality and importance of inorganic nitrogen. Global Biogeochem Cycles 26(4):GB0E03CrossRef
  Wild B, Schnecker J, Knoltsch A, Takriti M, Mooshammer M, Gentsch N, Mikutta R, Alves RJE, Gittel A, Lashchinskiy N, Richter A (2015) Microbial nitrogen dynamics in organic and mineral soil horizons along a latitudinal transect in western Siberia. Global Biogeochem Cycles 29(5):567–582CrossRef
  Whittinghill KA, Hobbie SE (2011) Effects of landscape age on soil organic matter processing in the Kuparuk River region, AK. Soil Sci Soc Am J 75(3):907–917CrossRef
  Yano Y, Shaver GR, Giblin AE, Rastetter EB, Nadelhoffer KJ (2010) Nitrogen dynamics in a small arctic watershed: retention and downhill movement of 15N. Ecol Monogr 80(2):331–351CrossRef
  Zarnetske JP, Haggerty R, Wondzell SM, Baker MA (2011) Dynamics of nitrate production and removal as a function of residence time in the hyporheic zone. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 116:G01025
  
• 作者单位：Tamara K. Harms (1)
  Sarah M. Ludwig (1)
  
  1. Department of Biology & Wildlife and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geochemistry
  Biochemistry
  Soil Science and Conservation
  Terrestrial Pollution
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-515X

文摘

Interaction of hydrologic and biogeochemical processes on hillslopes may contribute significantly to export of nutrients from soils to stream networks, yet hillslopes remain poorly understood components of catchments. In the arctic, hillslopes are underlain by permafrost, and drained by zero-order channels called water tracks that contain perennial subsurface flow. We conducted in situ experiments to measure retention of inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) by saturated soils of water tracks and investigated the roles of water residence time, flowpath depth, and substrate availability in determining the balance of reaction and transport of nutrients. Net retention of P was observed in 46 % of experiments, and net retention or removal of nitrate (\({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\)) was observed in 57 % of experiments, whereas net retention of ammonium (\({\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }\)) occurred in only 16 % of experiments performed. Net production of \({\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }\) occurred in 42 % of experiments, was more frequently observed than retention, and was most rapid where water residence time was shortest. P retention was enhanced by P availability, suggesting strong capacity to buffer downslope fluxes of inorganic P in water tracks. Net retention or removal of \({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\) tended to occur in shallow flowpaths, but was not detected in deeper soils. Strong retention of inorganic P by saturated arctic soils indicates that hillslopes contribute to regulating the flux of P to downstream ecosystems, whereas weaker retention of inorganic N, particularly where flows are deep or rapid, suggests that increased discharge from hillslopes and deeper thaw will contribute to increased export of N.