Effects of food availability and climate on activity patterns of western black-crested gibbons in an isolated forest fragment in southern Yunnan, China

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• 作者：Qingyong Ni ; Meng Xie ; Cyril C. Grueter ; Xuelong Jiang ; Huailiang Xu…
• 关键词：Time budget ; Nomascus concolor ; Seasonal variation ; Temperature and rainfall ; Habitat fragmentation
• 刊名：Primates
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：October 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：56
• 期：4
• 页码：351-363
• 全文大小：1,583 KB
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• 作者单位：Qingyong Ni (1)
  Meng Xie (2)
  Cyril C. Grueter (3)
  Xuelong Jiang (4)
  Huailiang Xu (1)
  Yongfang Yao (1)
  Mingwang Zhang (1)
  Yan Li (1)
  Jiandong Yang (1)
  
  1. College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People鈥檚 Republic of China
  2. College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, People鈥檚 Republic of China
  3. School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
  4. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, People鈥檚 Republic of China
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Zoology
  Animal Ecology
  Behavioural Sciences
  Evolutionary Biology
  
• 出版者：Springer Japan
• ISSN：1610-7365

文摘

The critically endangered western black-crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) is distributed in isolated habitat fragments in northern Vietnam, northwestern Laos, and southwestern China. To assess the behavioral adaptation of this species to forest fragments and its response to seasonal variation in food availability and climate, we present activity patterns of a group inhabiting an isolated forest based on two year-long studies in southern Yunnan, China. Annually, the gibbons spent nearly half of their active time resting, followed by moving and feeding. In both study periods, the time allocated to activities varied significantly between months, and was affected by food availability and climate factors. The group delayed retirement when tree fruit was abundant, and they decreased time spent moving and playing during periods of low fruit availability. In the cold months, the gibbons decreased time spent moving, and they decreased active time and resting time when rainfall was high. The results suggest that the group may seek to maximize net energy intake like energy maximizers when high quality food is most available, and adopt an energy-conserving strategy during periods of lower food availability and temperature. The gibbons showed similar diurnal variation in activity patterns to a group inhabiting a continuous forest at Dazhaizi, Mt. Wuliang, central Yunnan. However, they had a longer active period, and devoted more time to resting but less time to feeding. The individuals also spent lower percentages of time engaged in social behavior than those at Dazhaizi. These differences may be due to their smaller home range and unusual group composition caused by habitat fragmentation. Keywords Time budget Nomascus concolor Seasonal variation Temperature and rainfall Habitat fragmentation