Sublethal imidacloprid effects on honey bee flower choices when foraging

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• 作者：Ahmed Karahan ; Ibrahim Çakmak ; John M. Hranitz ; Ismail Karaca…
• 关键词：Apis mellifera ; Foraging behavior ; Neonicotinoids
• 刊名：Ecotoxicology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：November 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：24
• 期：9
• 页码：2017-2025
• 全文大小：624 KB
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• 作者单位：Ahmed Karahan (1)
  Ibrahim Çakmak (2)
  John M. Hranitz (3)
  Ismail Karaca (1)
  Harrington Wells (4)
  
  1. Department of Plant Protection, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Republic of Turkey
  2. Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, MKP MYO, Uludag University, Bursa, Republic of Turkey
  3. Department of Biological and Allied Health Sciences, Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA, 17815-1301, USA
  4. Department of Biology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Monitoring, Environmental Analysis and Environmental Ecotoxicology
  Ecology
  Environmental Management
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-3017

文摘

Neonicotinoids, systemic neuro-active pesticides similar to nicotine, are widely used in agriculture and are being investigated for a role in honey bee colony losses. We examined one neonicotinoid pesticide, imidacloprid, for its effects on the foraging behavior of free-flying honey bees (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) visiting artificial blue and white flowers. Imidacloprid doses, ranging from 1/5 to 1/50 of the reported LD₅₀, were fed to bees orally. The study consisted of three experimental parts performed sequentially without interruption. In Part 1, both flower colors contained a 4 μL 1 M sucrose solution reward. Part 2 offered bees 4 μL of 1.5 M sucrose solution in blue flowers and a 4 μL 0.5 M sucrose solution reward in white flowers. In Part 3 we reversed the sugar solution rewards, while keeping the flower color consistent. Each experiment began 30 min after administration of the pesticide. We recorded the percentage of experimental bees that returned to forage after treatment. We also recorded the visitation rate, number of flowers visited, and floral reward choices of the bees that foraged after treatment. The forager return rate declined linearly with increasing imidacloprid dose. The number of foraging trips by returning bees was also affected adversely. However, flower fidelity was not affected by imidacloprid dose. Foragers visited both blue and white flowers extensively in Part 1, and showed greater fidelity for the flower color offering the higher sugar solution reward in Parts 2 and 3. Although larger samples sizes are needed, our study suggests that imidacloprid may not affect the ability to select the higher nectar reward when rewards were reversed. We observed acute, mild effects on foraging by honey bees, so mild that storage of imidacloprid tainted-honey is very plausible and likely to be found in honey bee colonies.