Mycotoxins as human carcinogens—the IARC Monographs classification

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• 作者：Vladimir Ostry ; Frantisek Malir ; Jakub Toman ; Yann Grosse
• 关键词：Mycotoxins ; Aflatoxins ; Fumonisins ; Ochratoxin A ; IARC ; Carcinogenicity
• 刊名：Mycotoxin Research
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：33
• 期：1
• 页码：65-73
• 全文大小：
• 刊物主题：Microbiology; Medical Microbiology; Chemistry/Food Science, general; Medicine/Public Health, general;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1867-1632
• 卷排序：33

文摘

Humans are constantly exposed to mycotoxins (e.g. aflatoxins, ochratoxins), mainly via food intake of plant and animal origin. The health risks stemming from mycotoxins may result from their toxicity, in particular their carcinogenicity. In order to prevent these risks, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon (France)—through its IARC Monographs programme—has performed the carcinogenic hazard assessment of some mycotoxins in humans, on the basis of epidemiological data, studies of cancer in experimental animals and mechanistic studies. The present article summarizes the carcinogenic hazard assessments of those mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins (aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂ and M₁), fumonisins (fumonisin B₁ and B₂) and ochratoxin A (OTA). New information regarding the genotoxicity of OTA (formation of OTA-DNA adducts), the role of OTA in oxidative stress and the identification of epigenetic factors involved in OTA carcinogenesis–should they indeed provide strong evidence that OTA carcinogenicity is mediated by a mechanism that also operates in humans–could lead to the reclassification of OTA.