Nicotine reduces distraction under low perceptual load

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Oliver Behler ; Thomas P. K. Breckel ; Christiane M. Thiel
• 关键词：Nicotine ; Attention ; Psychopharmacology ; Distraction ; Perceptual load ; Non ; smoker ; Drug ; Acetylcholine
• 刊名：Psychopharmacology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：April 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：232
• 期：7
• 页码：1269-1277
• 全文大小：375 KB
• 参考文献：1. Beck, DM, Lavie, N (2005) Look here but ignore what you see: effects of distractors at fixation. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 31: pp. 592-607 CrossRef
  2. Berry, AS, Demeter, E, Sabhapathy, S, English, BA, Blakely, RD, Sarter, M, Lustig, C (2014) Disposed to distraction: genetic variation in the cholinergic system influences distractibility but not time-on-task effects. J Cogn Neurosci 26: pp. 1981-1991 CrossRef
  3. Bond, A, Lader, M (1974) The use of analogue scales in rating subjective feelings. Br J Med Psychol 47: pp. 211-218 CrossRef
  4. Salle, S, Smith, D, Choueiry, J, Impey, D, Philippe, T, Dort, H, Millar, A, Albert, P, Knott, V (2013) Effects of COMT genotype on sensory gating and its modulation by nicotine: Differences in low and high P50 suppressors. Neuroscience 241: pp. 147-156 CrossRef
  5. Dumas, JA, Newhouse, PA (2011) The cholinergic hypothesis of cognitive aging revisited again: cholinergic functional compensation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 99: pp. 254-261 CrossRef
  6. Duncan, J, Humphreys, GW (1989) Visual search and stimulus similarity. Psychol Rev 96: pp. 433-458 CrossRef
  7. Eriksen, BA, Eriksen, CW (1974) Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task. Percept Psychophys 16: pp. 143-149 CrossRef
  8. Espeseth, T, Sneve, MH, Rootwelt, H, Laeng, B (2010) Nicotinic receptor gene CHRNA4 interacts with processing load in attention. PLoS One 5: pp. e14407 CrossRef
  9. Forster, S, Lavie, N (2007) High perceptual load makes everybody equal: eliminating individual differences in distractibility with load. Psychol Sci 18: pp. 377-381 CrossRef
  10. Forster, S, Lavie, N (2008) Failures to ignore entirely irrelevant distractors: the role of load. J Exp Psy 14: pp. 73-83
  11. Foulds, J, Stapleton, J, Swettenham, J, Bell, N, McSorley, K, Russell, MA (1996) Cognitive performance effects of subcutaneous nicotine in smokers and never-smokers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 127: pp. 31-38 CrossRef
  12. Giessing, C, Fink, GR, Rosler, F, Thiel, CM (2007) fMRI data predict individual differences of behavioral effects of nicotine: a partial least square analysis. J Cogn Neurosci 19: pp. 658-670 CrossRef
  13. Gilbert, DG, Izetelny, A, Radtke, R, Hammersley, J, Rabinovich, NE, Jameson, TR, Huggenvik, JI (2005) Dopamine receptor (DRD2) genotype-dependent effects of nicotine on attention and distraction during rapid visual information processing. Nicotine Tob Res: Off J Soc Res Nicotine Tob 7: pp. 361-379 CrossRef
  14. Gill, TM, Sarter, M, Givens, B (2000) Sustained visual attention performance-associated prefrontal neuronal activity: evidence for cholinergic modulation. J Neurosci 20: pp. 4745-4757
  15. Gorsline, J, Okerholm, RA, Rolf, CN, Moos, CD, Hwang, SS (1992) Comparison of plasma nicotine concentrations after application of nicoderm (nicotine transdermal system) to different skin sites. J Clin Pharmacol 32: pp. 576-581 CrossRef
  16. Gorsline, J, Gupta, SK, Dye, D, Rolf, CN (1993) Steady-state pharmacokinetics and dose relationship of nicotine delivered from Nicoderm (Nicotine Transdermal System). J Clin Pharmacol 33: pp. 161-168 CrossRef
  17. Grobe, JE, Perkins, KA, Goettler-Good, J, Wilson, A (1998) Impo
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Biomedicine
  Pharmacology and Toxicology
  Psychiatry
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-2072

文摘

Rationale Several studies provide evidence that nicotine alleviates the detrimental effects of distracting sensory stimuli. It is been suggested that nicotine may either act as a stimulus filter that prevents irrelevant stimuli entering awareness or by enhancing the attentional focus to relevant stimuli via a boost in processing capacity. Objectives To differentiate between these two accounts, we administered nicotine to healthy non-smokers and investigated distractor interference in a visual search task with low and high perceptual load to tax processing capacity. Methods Thirty healthy non-smokers received either 7?mg transdermal nicotine or a matched placebo in a double blind within subject design 1?h prior to performing the visual search task with different fixation distractors. Results Nicotine reduced interference of incongruent distractors, but only under low-load conditions, where distractor effects were large. No effects of nicotine were observed under high-load conditions. Highly distractible subjects showed the largest effects of nicotine. Conclusions The findings suggest that nicotine acts primarily as a stimulus filter that prevents irrelevant stimuli from entering awareness in situations of high distractor interference.