The impact of land use change in the Xiangxi Catchment (China) on water balance and sediment transport
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- 作者：Katrin Bieger ; Georg H?rmann ; Nicola Fohrer
- 关键词：Land use change ; Land use scenario ; Three Gorges Region ; Water balance ; Sediment yield ; Sustainable development ; SWAT
- 刊名：Regional Environmental Change
- 出版年：2015
- 出版时间：March 2015
- 年：2015
- 卷：15
- 期：3
- 页码：485-498
- 全文大小：1,537 KB
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- 刊物主题：Environment
Geoecology and Natural Processes
Geology
Oceanography
Geography
Nature Conservation
Regional Science - 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
- ISSN：1436-378X
文摘
The construction of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River led to the resettlement of more than one million people including the relocation of agriculturally used areas from the valley bottoms to steep, formerly forested slopes. This is expected to induce an increase in surface runoff, soil erosion and sediment inputs to rivers and can seriously impair the quality of surface waters in the Three Gorges Region. The aim of this study was to simulate past and future land use changes in the Xiangxi Catchment with the eco-hydrologic model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) (Version SWAT2009, Revision 530) in order to quantify impacts on hydrology and sediment transport. The Xiangxi Catchment covers an area of 3,200?km2 and is located approximately 40?km upstream of the Three Gorges Dam. In spite of the resettlement of people and the relocation of agricultural areas, according to the land use maps used in this study, the forested area in the watershed has increased by 3.6?% between 1987 and 2007. Also, large areas of cropland were replaced with orange orchards, which are assumed to provide better soil protection than crops. Accordingly, simulation results demonstrate that surface runoff, soil erosion, streamflow and sediment loads have decreased by 5.9, 47.7, 0.7 and 41.9?%, respectively. Scenario simulations indicate that any additional increase in forested area in the Xiangxi Catchment would further reduce surface runoff and sediment yields, but at the same time would increase the pressure on remaining cropland. Positive effects of afforestation could be outweighed by the negative effects of a further intensification of land use in other parts of the watershed. Economic growth and increasing population pressure are likely to lead to a demand for additional farmlands. Simulation results have shown that when only areas with slopes