Testicular microlithiasis imaging and follow-up: guidelines of the ESUR scrotal imaging subcommittee
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- 作者：Jonathan Richenberg ; Jane Belfield ; Parvati Ramchandani…
- 关键词：Testicular microlithiasis ; Testis microcalcification ; Germ cell tumour ; Ultrasound
- 刊名：European Radiology
- 出版年：2015
- 出版时间：February 2015
- 年：2015
- 卷：25
- 期：2
- 页码：323-330
- 全文大小：184 KB
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文摘
Objectives The subcommittee on scrotal imaging, appointed by the board of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR), have produced guidelines on imaging and follow-up in testicular microlithiasis (TML). Methods The authors and a superintendent university librarian independently performed a computer-assisted literature search of medical databases: MEDLINE and EMBASE. A further parallel literature search was made for the genetic conditions Klinefelter’s syndrome and McCune-Albright syndrome. Results Proposed guidelines are: follow-up is not advised in patients with isolated TML in the absence of risk factors (see Key Points below); annual ultrasound (US) is advised for patients with risk factors, up to the age of 55; if TML is found with a testicular mass, urgent referral to a specialist centre is advised. Conclusion Consensus opinion of the scrotal subcommittee of the ESUR is that the presence of TML alone in the absence of other risk factors is not an indication for regular scrotal US, further US screening or biopsy. US is recommended in the follow-up of patients at risk, where risk factors other than microlithiasis are present. Risk factors are discussed and the literature and recommended guidelines are presented in this article. Key Points -Follow up advised only in patients with TML and additional risk factors. -Annual US advised for patients with risk factors up to age 55. -If TML is found with testicular mass, urgent specialist referral advised. -Risk factors -personal/ family history of GCT, maldescent, orchidopexy, testicular atrophy.