Differential response of two almond rootstocks to chloride salt mixtures in the growing medium

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• 作者：A. Zrig ; T. Tounekti ; H. BenMohamed ; H. Abdelgawad…
• 关键词：Prunus amygdalus ; Garnem ; Bitter Almond ; rootstocks ; proline ; soluble sugars ; Ca/Na ; K/Na ; cation nutrition ; salinity
• 刊名：Russian Journal of Plant Physiology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：63
• 期：1
• 页码：143-151
• 全文大小：2,036 KB
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  4.Najafian, S., Rahemi, M., and Tavallali, V., Effect of salinity on tolerance of two bitter almond rootstock, Am.–Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 2008, vol. 3, pp. 264–268.
  5.Reighard, G., Ouellette, D., and Brock, K., Performance of new Prunus rootstocks for peach in South Carolina, Acta Hortic., 2008, vol. 772, pp. 237–240.CrossRef
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  7.Zrig, A., Tounekti, T., Vadel, M., Ben Mohamed, H., Valero, D., Serrano, M., Chtara, C., and Khemira, H., Possible involvement of polyphenols and polyamines in salt tolerance of almond rootstocks, Plant Physiol. Biochem., 2011, vol. 49, pp. 1313–1322.CrossRef PubMed
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• 作者单位：A. Zrig (1)
  T. Tounekti (2) (4)
  H. BenMohamed (3)
  H. Abdelgawad (4)
  A. M. Vadel (1)
  D. Valero (5)
  H. Khemira (2)
  
  1. Unit–de Recherche Biodiversit–et Valorisation des Bioresources en Zones Arides, Facult–des Sciences de Gab–s, University of Gabes, City Erriadh, Tunisia
  2. Centre for Environmental Research and Studies (CERS), Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  4. Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
  3. Laboratoire d’Horticulture, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT), Ariana, Tunisia
  5. Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hern–ndez, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Plant Physiology
  Plant Sciences
  Russian Library of Science
  
• 出版者：MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.
• ISSN：1608-3407

文摘

It was examined how essential cations, Ca2+ and K+, can mitigate the toxic effects of NaCl on two different almond species (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) rootstocks, Garnem (GN15) and Bitter Almond. The tree growth parameters (water potential (Ψ_w), gas exchange, nutrient uptake) and leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content were measured in control and NaCl-treated plants with or without KCl or CaCl₂ supplements. The addition of CaCl₂ and KCl to Bitter Almond trees reduced their dry weight, shoot growth and leaf number although net photosynthetic assimilation rate (A) was not affected. These results indicated that changing of photo-assimilates flux to proline and/or soluble sugars synthesis may help to increase leaf Ψ_w. The Garnem trees also did not respond to the CaCl₂ and KCl addition indicating that the plants are already getting enough of these two cations (Ca2+ and K+). In both rootstocks, NaCl in the medium reduced growth attributes, Ψ_w, A, stomatal conductance (g _s), and leaf Chl content. When CaCl₂ and KCl fertilizers were added together with NaCl to Bitter Almond trees, leaf K+ and Ca2+ contents increased while Na+ and Cl– decreased leading to higher Ca/Na and K/Na ratios, but shoot growth was not improved and even declined compared to NaCl-treated trees. It appears that the addition of salts further aggravated osmotic stress as indicated by the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars in leaf tissues. The addition of KCl or CaCl₂ to NaCl-treated GN15 trees did not increase A, leaf Ψ_w, and shoot growth but improved ionic balances as indicated by higher Ca/Na and K/Na ratios. The reduction in A was mainly due to non-stomatal limitations in GN15, possibly due to the degradation of Chl a, unlike Bitter Almond, for which the reduction of A was due to stomata closure. The improvement in ionic balances and water status of Bitter Almond trees in response to addition of KCl or CaCl₂ was apparently offset by a high sensitivity to Cl–; therefore, no-chloride salts should be the preferred forms of fertilizers for this rootstock. Both rootstocks were sensitive to soil salinity and cation supplements were of limited value in mitigating the effect of excessive salt concentrations.