Transcriptome analyses reveal protein and domain families that delineate stage-related development in the economically important parasitic nematodes, Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora
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- 作者：Esley Heizer (1)
Dante S Zarlenga (2)
Bruce Rosa (1)
Xin Gao (1)
Robin B Gasser (3)
Jessie De Graef (4)
Peter Geldhof (4)
Makedonka Mitreva (1) (5) (6) - 关键词：Cattle ; Parasite ; Nematode ; Transcripts ; Ostertagia ostertagi ; Cooperia oncophora ; Comparative genomics
- 刊名：BMC Genomics
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：December 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：14
- 期：1
- 全文大小：878KB
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Dante S Zarlenga (2)
Bruce Rosa (1)
Xin Gao (1)
Robin B Gasser (3)
Jessie De Graef (4)
Peter Geldhof (4)
Makedonka Mitreva (1) (5) (6)
1. The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, USA
2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Lab, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
3. Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 3030, Werribee, VIC, Australia
4. Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
5. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, 63110, Missouri, USA
6. Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 63108, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
文摘
Background Cooperia oncophora and Ostertagia ostertagi are among the most important gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle worldwide. The economic losses caused by these parasites are on the order of hundreds of millions of dollars per year. Conventional treatment of these parasites is through anthelmintic drugs; however, as resistance to anthelmintics increases, overall effectiveness has begun decreasing. New methods of control and alternative drug targets are necessary. In-depth analysis of transcriptomic data can help provide these targets. Results The assembly of 8.7 million and 11 million sequences from C. oncophora and O. ostertagi, respectively, resulted in 29,900 and 34,792 transcripts. Among these, 69% and 73% of the predicted peptides encoded by C. oncophora and O. ostertagi had homologues in other nematodes. Approximately 21% and 24% were constitutively expressed in both species, respectively; however, the numbers of transcripts that were stage specific were much smaller (~1% of the transcripts expressed in a stage). Approximately 21% of the transcripts in C. oncophora and 22% in O. ostertagi were up-regulated in a particular stage. Functional molecular signatures were detected for 46% and 35% of the transcripts in C. oncophora and O. ostertagi, respectively. More in-depth examinations of the most prevalent domains led to knowledge of gene expression changes between the free-living (egg, L1, L2 and L3 sheathed) and parasitic (L3 exsheathed, L4, and adult) stages. Domains previously implicated in growth and development such as chromo domains and the MADF domain tended to dominate in the free-living stages. In contrast, domains potentially involved in feeding such as the zinc finger and CAP domains dominated in the parasitic stages. Pathway analyses showed significant associations between life-cycle stages and peptides involved in energy metabolism in O. ostertagi whereas metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were specifically up-regulated in the parasitic stages of C. oncophora. Substantial differences were observed also between Gene Ontology terms associated with free-living and parasitic stages. Conclusions This study characterized transcriptomes from multiple life stages from both C. oncophora and O. ostertagi. These data represent an important resource for studying these parasites. The results of this study show distinct differences in the genes involved in the free-living and parasitic life cycle stages. The data produced will enable better annotation of the upcoming genome sequences and will allow future comparative analyses of the biology, evolution and adaptation to parasitism in nematodes.