Field Monitoring of 2010-Tsunami Impact on Agricultural Soils and Irrigation Waters: Central Chile

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• 作者：Manuel Casanova ; Osvaldo Salazar ; Irene Oyarzún…
• 关键词：Tsunami ; Seawater ; Physical and chemical soil properties ; Water quality
• 刊名：Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：November 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：227
• 期：11
• 全文大小：821 KB
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
  Terrestrial Pollution
  Hydrogeology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-2932
• 卷排序：227

文摘

An in situ post tsunami study was conducted to assess the effect of water management and rainfalls in soil properties and water quality at a low-lying coastal area of central Chile affected by Mw8.8 Earthquake Tsunami the night of 27 February 2010. Soil samples were taken at two depths (0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm) during 2010 and late 2012. Water quality in a local shallow well was also monitored in 2010 and 2012. High soil salinity was recorded 2 months later than tsunami occurs, closely associated to water-soluble chloride and cations (Cl− > > Na+ > > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+), ionic toxicities, and vegetal inhibition (Vasconcellea pubescens) by less available water to plants. An initial reduction in soil pH due to ionic strength and coarse-textured class of soil was observed and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in soil varied between 5.7 and 11.2 (mmol L−1)0.5 showing to be saline. Although SARw values are very high (>18 (mmol L−1)0.5), it does not exist risks of reduction on soil infiltration rates according to ECw (>5 dS m−1) obtained. After 2 years, soil salinity was drastically reduced in the affected areas due to high soil permeability and natural attenuation (rainfalls and leaching effects), with sulfate and bicarbonate concentrations showing excessive values. Further, irrigation water quality returned to pre-tsunami situation, with only levels of sodium slightly exceeding desirable range from health point of view. Finally, it is suggested a proper design of irrigation systems before implementing other management practices.