Statistical analysis of the ion density measured by the satellite DEMETER in relation with the seismic activity
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Michel Parrot (1)
- 关键词：ionosphere ; earthquake ; satellite ; statistic ; P352.4
- 刊名：Earthquake Science
- 出版年：2011
- 出版时间：December 2011
- 年：2011
- 卷：24
- 期：6
- 页码：513-521
- 全文大小：568KB
- 参考文献：1. Akhoondzadeh M, Parrot M and Saradjian M R (2010). Electron and ion density variations before strong earthquakes ( / M>6.0) using DEMETER and GPS data. / Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 10: 7鈥?8. CrossRef
2. Bankov L G, Parrot M, Heelis R A, Berthelier J-J, Marinov P G and Vassileva A K (2010). DEMETER and DMSP satellite observations of the disturbed H+/O+ ratio caused by Earth鈥檚 seismic activity in the Sumatra area during December 2004. / Adv Space Res 46(4): 419鈥?30. CrossRef
3. Berthelier J-J, Godefroy M, Leblanc F, Seran E, Peschard D, Gilbert P and Artru J (2006). IAP, the thermal plasma analyzer on DEMETER. / Planet Space Sci 54: 487鈥?01. CrossRef
4. Burke W J, de La Beaujardi猫re O, Gentile L C, Hunton D E, Pfaff R F, Roddy P A, Su Y-J and Wilson G R (2009). C/NOFS observations of plasma density and electric field irregularities at post-midnight local times. / Geophys Res Lett 36: L00C09, doi:10.1029/2009GL038879. CrossRef
5. Freund F (2009). Stress-activated positive hole charge carriers in rocks and the generation of pre-earthquake signals. In: Hayakawa M ed. / Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated With Earthquakes. Transworld Research Network, Trivandrum (India), 41鈥?6.
6. Gokhberg M B, Morgounov V A and Pokhotelov O A (1995). / Earthquake Prediction: Seismo-Electromagnetic Phenomena. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Reading, Philadelphia, 287pp.
7. Harrison R G, Aplin K L and Rycroft M J (2010). Atmospheric electricity coupling between earthquake regions and the ionosphere. / J Atmos Sol Terrestr Phys 72: 376鈥?81. CrossRef
8. Hayakawa M (1996). Special issue: Seismo-electromagnetic phenomena. / Journal of Atmospheric Electricity 16(3): 247鈥?57.
9. Hayakawa M (1997). / Electromagnetic Precursors of Earthquakes: Review of Recent Activities. Review of Radio Science, 1993鈥?996. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 807鈥?18.
10. Hayakawa M ed. (1999). / Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes. Terra Scientific Publishing Company (TERRAPUB), Tokyo, 997pp.
11. Hayakawa M ed. (2002). Seismo-electromagnetics. / J Atmos Electricity 22(3): 115鈥?22.
12. Hayakawa M (2009). / Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated With Earthquakes. Transworld Research Network, Trivandium (India), 279pp.
13. Hayakawa M and Fujinawa Y (1994). / Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction. TERRAPUB, Tokyo, 677pp.
14. Hayakawa M and Molchanov O A eds. (2002). / Seismo Electromagnetics: Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling. TERRAPUB, Tokyo, 477pp.
15. Hayakawa M, Molchanov O A, Kodama T, Afonin V V and Akentieva O A (2000). Plasma density variations observed on a satellite possibly related to seismicity. / Adv Space Res 26(8): 1 277鈥? 280.
16. Hayakawa M, Molchanov O A, Biagi P and Vallianatos F eds. (2004). Seismo electromagnetics and related phenomena. / Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 29: 287鈥?62.
17. He Y F, Yang D M, Zhu R, Qian J D and Parrot M (2010). Variations of electron density and temperature in iono sphere based on the DEMETER ISL data. / Earthquake Science 23(4): 349鈥?55, doi:10.1007/s11589-010-0732-8. CrossRef
18. Kelley M C (2009). / The Earth鈥檚 Ionosphere: Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics. Academic Press, San Diego, 556pp.
19. Lebreton J P, Stverak S, Travnicek P, Maksimovic M, Klinge D, Merikallio S, Lagoutte D, Poirier B, Kozacek Z and Salaquarda M (2006). The ISL Langmuir probe experiment and its data processing onboard DEMETER: Scientific objectives, description and first results. / Planet Space Sci 54: 472鈥?86. CrossRef
20. Liu J Y, Chen Y I, Chuo Y J and Chen C S (2006). A statistical investigation of pre-earthquake ionospheric anomaly. / J Geophys Res 111: A05304, doi:10. 1029/2005JA011333. CrossRef
21. Molchanov O A (1993). Wave and plasma phenomena inside the ionosphere and magnetosphere associated with earthquakes. In: Ross Stone W ed. / Review of Radio Science 1990鈥?992. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 591鈥?00.
22. Molchanov O A and Hayakawa M (2008). / Seismo-Electromagnetics and Related Phenomena: History and Latest Results. TERRAPUB, Tokyo, 189pp.
23. Nemec F, Santol铆k O and Parrot M (2009). Decrease of intensity of ELF/VLF waves observed in the upper ionosphere close to earthquakes: A statistical study. / J Geophys Res 114: A04303, doi:10.1029/2008JA013972. CrossRef
24. Nemec F, Santol铆k O, Parrot M and Berthelier J-J (2008). Spacecraft observations of electromagnetic perturbations connected with seismic activity. / Geophys Res Lett 35: L05109, doi:10.1029/2007GL032517. CrossRef
25. Ouyang X Y, Zhang X M, Shen X H, Liu J, Qian J D, Cai J A and Zhao S F (2008). Ionospheric / N e disturbances before 2007 Pu鈥檈r, Yunnan, China, earthquake. / Acta Seismologica Sinica 21(4): 425鈥?37, doi:10. 1007/s11589-008-0425-8. CrossRef
26. Parrot M ed. (2006). Special Issue: First Results of the DEMETER Micro-satellite. / Planet Space Sci 54(5): 411鈥?58.
27. Parrot M, Berthelier J-J, Lebreton J P, Sauvaud J A, Santol铆k O and Blecki J (2006). Examples of unusual ionospheric observations made by the DEMETER satellite over seismic regions. / Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 31: 486鈥?95, doi:10.1016/j.pce.2006.02.011. CrossRef
28. Parrot M and Johnston M (1989). Special Issue: Seismoelectromagnetic Effects. / Phys Earth Planet Inter 57(1鈥?): 1鈥?77.
29. Parrot M and Johnston M (1993). Special Issue: Seismoelectromagnetic Effects. / Phys Earth Planet Inter 77(1鈥?): 1鈥?41.
30. P铆sa D, Parrot M and Santol铆k O (2011). Ionospheric density variations recorded before the 2010 / M W8.8 earthquake in Chile. / J Geophys Res 116: A08309, doi:10.1029/2011JA016611. CrossRef
31. Pulinets S A (2007). Natural radioactivity, earthquakes, and the ionosphere. / Eos Trans AGU 88(20): 217. CrossRef
32. Pulinets S A (2009). Physical mechanism of the vertical electric field generation over active tectonic faults. / Adv Space Res 44(6): 767鈥?73, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2009.04.038. CrossRef
33. Pulinets S A and Boyarchuk K A (2004). / Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes. Springer, Hedelberg, New York, 316pp.
34. Sarkar S, Gwal A K and Parrot M (2007). Ionospheric variations observed by the DEMETER satellite in the midlatitude region during strong earthquakes. / J Atmos Sol Terr Phys 69: 1 524鈥? 540. CrossRef
35. Su S Y, Liu C H, Ho H H and Chao C K (2006). Distribution characteristics of topside ionospheric density irregularities: Equatorial versus midlatitude regions. / J Geophys Res 111: A06305, doi:10.1029/2005JA011330. CrossRef
36. Su Y Z, Bailey G J and Oyama K I (1998). Annual and seasonal variations in the low-latitude topside ionosphere. / Ann Geophys 16(8): 974鈥?85. CrossRef
37. Tronin A A (2006). Remote sensing and earthquakes: A review. / Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 31: 138鈥?42. CrossRef
38. Zeng Z C, Zhang B, Fang G Y, Wang D F and Yin H J (2009). The analysis of ionospheric variations before Wenchuan earthquake with DEMETER data. / Chinese J Geophys 52(1): 11鈥?9.
39. Zhang X, Shen X, Liu J, Ouyang X, Qian J, and Zhao S (2009c). Analysis of ionospheric plasma perturbations before Wenchuan earthquake. / Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 9: 1 259鈥? 266. CrossRef
40. Zhang X, Zeren Z, Parrot M, Battiston R, Qian J and Shen X (2011). ULF/ELF ionospheric electric field and plasma perturbations related to Chile earthquakes / Adv Space Res 47(6): 991鈥? 000, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.11.001. CrossRef
41. Zhang X M, Liu J, Shen X H, Parrot M, Qian J D, Ouyang X Y, Zhao S F and Huang J P (2010b). Ionospheric perturbations associated with the / M8.6 Sumatra earthquake on 28 March 2005. / Chinese J Geophys 53(3): 567鈥?75.
42. Zhang X M, Qian J D, Ouyang X Y, Shen X H, Cai J A and Zhao S F (2009a). Ionospheric electromagnetic perturbations observed on DEMETER satellite before Chile / M7.9 earthquake. / Earthquake Science 22: 251鈥?55. CrossRef
43. Zhang X M, Qian J D, Ouyang X Y, Cai J A, Liu J, Shen X H and Zhao S F (2009b). Ionospheric electro-magnetic disturbances prior to Yutian 7.2 earthquake in Xinjiang. / Chin J Space Sci 29(2): 213鈥?21 (in Chinese with English abstract).
44. Zhang X M, Shen X H, Liu J, Ouyang X Y, Qian J D and Zhao S F (2010a). Ionospheric perturbations of electron density before the Wenchuan earthquake. / International Journal of Remote Sensing 31(13): 3 559鈥? 569.
45. Zhu R, Yang D M, Jing F, Yang J Y and Ouyang X Y (2008). Ionospheric perturbations before Pu鈥檈r earthquake observed on DEMETER. / Acta Seismologica Sinica 21(1): 77鈥?1, doi:10.1007/s11589-008-0077-8. CrossRef
46. Zlotnicki J, Li F and Parrot M (2010). Signals recorded by DEMETER satellite over active volcanoes during the period 2004 August-2007 December. / Geophys J Inter 183(3): 1 332鈥? 347. CrossRef - 作者单位：Michel Parrot (1)
1. Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l鈥橢nvironnement et de l鈥橢space, Universit茅 d鈥橭rl茅ans, CNRS, 3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071, Orl茅ans cedex 2, France - ISSN：1867-8777
文摘
This paper is related to study of the ion density recorded by the low altitude satellite DEMETER. It will present ionospheric perturbations observed during large seismic events. As the ionosphere is highly variable, the paper will show a statistical analysis performed on the plasma parameters during night time. An algorithm has been implemented to detect crests and troughs in the data before world-wide earthquakes. The earthquakes have been classified depending on their magnitude, depth, and location (land, below the sea, close to a coast). Due to the orbit, DEMETER returns above the same area every day (once during day time, once during night time) but not at the same distance of a given epicenter. Then, for each earthquake, data have been checked until 15 days before the shock when the distance between the trace of the orbit and the epicenter is less than 1 500 km. The results of the statistical analysis are presented as functions of various parameters. A comparison is done with two other databases where, on one hand, the location of the epicenters has been randomly modified, and on the other hand, the longitude of the epicenters has been shifted. Results show that the number and the intensity of the ionospheric perturbations are larger prior to earthquakes than prior to random events, and that the perturbations increase with the magnitude.