Urbanization, Grassland, and Diet Influence Coyote (Canis latrans) Parasitism Structure

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• 作者：Alexander G. Watts ; Victoria M. Lukasik ; Marie-Josée Fortin…
• 关键词：infectious disease ecology ; landscape ecology ; parasitology ; multivariate statistics ; urban ecology ; wildlife epidemiology
• 刊名：EcoHealth
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：12
• 期：4
• 页码：645-659
• 全文大小：774 KB
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• 作者单位：Alexander G. Watts (1)
  Victoria M. Lukasik (2)
  Marie-Josée Fortin (1)
  Shelley M. Alexander (2)
  
  1. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
  2. Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Public Health
  Environmental Medicine/Environmental Psychology
  Ecosystems
  Environmental Management
  Microbiology
  
• 出版者：Springer New York
• ISSN：1612-9210

文摘

Land use change can alter the ecological mechanisms that influence infectious disease exposure in animal populations. However, few studies have empirically integrated the environmental, spatial, and dietary patterns of wildlife epidemiology. We investigate how urbanization, habitat type, and dietary behavior are associated with coyote (Canis latrans) parasitism structure along a gradient of rural to urban land cover using multivariate redundancy analyses. Coyote fecal samples were collected in eight urban and six rural sites in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Parasite and diet components were identified using common flotation procedures and fecal dietary analysis, respectively. Redundancy analysis was used to identify the best land cover, connectivity, and dietary predictors. We tested for significance using multiple permutation tests and ANOVAs. Significant factors affecting enteric parasite prevalence included dietary and land cover factors (R 2 = 0.4130, P < 0.05). Variation in dietary behavior was observed between urban and rural sites (R 2 = 0.4712, P < 0.05), as anthropogenic diet items (i.e., garbage, crabapples) were strongly influenced by urbanization. Our research supports that developed habitat, grassland cover, and dietary choice interact to possibly influence the exposure of coyote hosts to enteric parasites and pioneers future investigation of disease ecology for natural populations in anthropogenic landscapes. Keywords infectious disease ecology landscape ecology parasitology multivariate statistics urban ecology wildlife epidemiology