Quantitation and Risk Assessment of Chemical Adulterants in Milk Using UHPLC Coupled to Photodiode Array and Differential Refractive Index Detectors

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• 作者：Sheikh Asrar Ahmad ; Mahmood Ahmed ; Muhammad Abdul Qadir…
• 关键词：Formaldehyde ; Melamine ; Area ; Sugars ; Toxicity
• 刊名：Food Analytical Methods
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：December 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：9
• 期：12
• 页码：3367-3376
• 全文大小：724 KB
• 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
• 刊物主题：Chemistry
  Food Science
  Chemistry
  Microbiology
  Analytical Chemistry
  
• 出版者：Springer New York
• ISSN：1936-976X
• 卷排序：9

文摘

Milk can be adulterated illegitimately with formaldehyde, melamine, urea, and sugars for preservation, protein content enhancement, and taste improvement, respectively. In the present study, formaldehyde, melamine, urea, and sugars (fructose, glucose, lactose, sucrose) were analyzed using ultra-fast high performance liquid chromatography in 30 fresh and pasteurized milk samples. Satisfactory chromatographic retention and peak shape investigated and method has been validated by means of recovery experiments in samples spiked at two levels. Average recoveries ranged between 95–105 % with excellent precision; RSD lower than 5 % was achieved. Among the tested samples, formaldehyde was detected in all samples while seven and 20 samples were positive for melamine and sucrose, respectively. Monitoring of these adulterants in milk could help to reduce the human health hazards. Exposure to formaldehyde, melamine, and urea from consumption of milk was estimated, and these were less than 3.3, 1, and 700 μg/mL, respectively, which is an oral reference dose suggested by the World Health Organization and US Food and Drug Administration.