Pastoralist disturbance effects on Himalayan marmot foraging and vigilance activity

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• 作者：Buddi S. Poudel ; Peter G. Spooner ; Alison Matthews
• 关键词：Activity budget ; Human ; wildlife conflict ; Livestock ; Marmota himalayana ; Trans ; Himalaya
• 刊名：Ecological Research
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：31
• 期：1
• 页码：93-104
• 全文大小：658 KB
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• 作者单位：Buddi S. Poudel (1) (2)
  Peter G. Spooner (1)
  Alison Matthews (1)
  
  1. School of Environmental Sciences, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, NSW, 2640, Australia
  2. Department of Forest Research and Survey, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal, PO Box 3339, Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal
  
• 刊物主题：Ecology; Plant Sciences; Zoology; Evolutionary Biology; Behavioural Sciences; Forestry;
• 出版者：Springer Japan
• ISSN：1440-1703

文摘

Pastoralism is pervasive and has a long history across the rangelands of Trans-Himalaya. Disturbance associated with pastoralism can influence the behaviour of wild animals; hence, it is important to better understand its effects on wild animal behaviour. We compared the activity budget of the Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) between areas experiencing both high and low levels of pastoralism, in the Upper Mustang region in Nepal. Scan sampling was used to collect diurnal activity budget data on adult marmots, whereas 2 min focal observations were made on foraging marmots to assess vigilance during foraging. Contrary to our prediction, there was no significant difference between areas of high and low pastoralism in terms of foraging behaviour. However, the vigilance activity of marmots was significantly influenced by the extent of disturbances associated with pastoralism. Marmots scanned the surroundings more often while foraging and spent more time scanning in high pastoralism sites as compared to marmots in low pastoralism sites. Although we found no direct negative effects of pastoralism on foraging time, marmots shifted the time of day when they foraged. This study suggests that marmots adjust their vigilance behaviour according to the environmental conditions in which they occur. These findings have important implications for the conservation of marmots in the wake of increasing pastoral activities and consequent increases in human-wildlife conflict in Nepal. Keywords Activity budget Human-wildlife conflict Livestock Marmota himalayana Trans-Himalaya