A social–ecological network analysis of Argentinean Andes transhumant pastoralism
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- 作者：Marcos Horacio Easdale ; Martín Roberto Aguiar ; Raúl Paz
- 关键词：Connectivity ; Mobility ; Mountain regions ; Patagonia ; Resilience ; Variability
- 刊名：Regional Environmental Change
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：December 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：16
- 期：8
- 页码：2243-2252
- 全文大小：
- 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
- 刊物主题：Climate Change; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts; Oceanography; Geography, general; Regional/Spatial Science; Nature Conservation;
- 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- ISSN：1436-378X
- 卷排序：16
文摘
Many mountainous regions worldwide are characterized by harsh environments, scarce infrastructure, and extreme contrasts between mountains and neighboring plateaus and plains. Transhumance is a social adaptation to handle geomorphological heterogeneity such as lowlands and highlands, and to cope with environmental variability (seasonal and regional rainfall and snowfall). We studied the regional transhumant system with a network approach in the Andes of North Patagonia, Argentina. We measured the connectivity promoted by the seasonal movements of herds and people (relationships) among different ecosystems (nodes), defined as winter and summer lands. We identified 238 networks. The highest frequencies corresponded to small network structures (dyads and triads), suggesting that landscape management is highly decentralized. Network complexity was positively related to ecological richness and diversity of connected nodes. However, most networks were dependent upon a central node, suggesting vulnerable situations regarding disturbances affecting such key nodes. The identification of social–ecological traps of this mobile system provided novel insights for policy decision making, which otherwise would not be evidenced with traditional approaches. Management proposals and policy making should consider the spatial and temporal scales of transhumant pastoralism, in order to avoid problems derived from fixation logics, scale mismatches, and disconnection.