Imprints of long-range-transported pollution on high-altitude Eastern Himalayan lake water chemistry

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• 作者：Jyoti Prakash Deka ; Sangeeta Singh ; Pawan Kumar Jha…
• 关键词：High ; altitude lake ; Trace elements ; Factor analyses ; Long ; range transport of air pollution ; HYSPLIT model
• 刊名：Environmental Earth Sciences
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：75
• 期：4
• 全文大小：1,502 KB
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• 作者单位：Jyoti Prakash Deka (1)
  Sangeeta Singh (1)
  Pawan Kumar Jha (2)
  Umesh Kumar Singh (3)
  Manish Kumar (1)
  
  1. Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam, 784 028, India
  2. Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, UP, 201303, India
  3. Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science, Visva-Bhartai University, Santiniketan, 731-235, India
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：None Assigned
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1866-6299

文摘

Pangang Teng Tso Lake, located at an altitude of 3962 m in the Eastern Lesser Himalaya, was monitored for seasonal variation in hydrogeochemical processes, major ions and levels of trace elements to understand the imprints of long-range-transported contamination. Results revealed that major cations except Na decreased, whereas major anions except NO₃ − and PO₄ 3− increased in the post-monsoon. ANOVA indicated that pH, EC, TDS, Na+, HCO₃ −, Cl− and NO₃ −, PO₄ 3− showed significant seasonal variation in the P. T. Tso Lake. Wet precipitations of aerosols were found to be the most important source of major ions. Lake water chemistry is attributed to long-range transport of air pollutant through dry precipitation in the pre-monsoon, and by chemical weathering, biological and mineralization processes in post-monsoon. In pre-monsoon, trace elements were found to be in the order of Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Cd with slight change in Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu in post-monsoon. Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model developed by NOAA’s Air Resources Laboratory was used to understand the long-range transport and depositions of aerosols. The results of HYSPLIT back-trajectory model illustrate that air arriving in the vicinity of the lake has an origin from the southeast direction and the mid-Gangetic plain during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season, respectively. The interrelationship among trace elements in the projection of factor 1 and 2 implies that natural weathering and metal-containing aerosols transported from elsewhere may be the governing processes for lake water chemistry. The study suggests that seasonal changes in water chemistry of high-altitude lakes can reflect the imprints of change introduced through long-range-transported pollution. Long-term monitoring programs are recommended for periodic evaluation of the high-altitude lakes worldwide in order to trace climate change impacts. Keywords High-altitude lake Trace elements Factor analyses Long-range transport of air pollution HYSPLIT model