Identification, characterization, and human health risk assessment of perfluorinated compounds in groundwater from a suburb of Tianjin, China

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Yanjie Qi ; Shouliang Huo ; Shibin Hu ; Beidou Xi ; Jing Su…
• 关键词：Perfluorinated compounds ; Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid ; Perfluorooctanoic acid ; Groundwater ; Drinking water ; Health risk assessment
• 刊名：Environmental Earth Sciences
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：75
• 期：5
• 全文大小：1,460 KB
• 参考文献：Alley WM, Healy RW, LaBaugh JW, Reilly TE (2002) Flow and storage in groundwater systems. Science 296(5575):1985–1990CrossRef
  Bao J, Liu W, Liu L, Jin YH, Dai JY, Ran XR, Zhang ZX, Tsuda SJ (2011) Perfluorinated compounds in the environment and the blood of residents living near fluorochemical plants in Fuxin, China. Environ Sci Technol 45(19):8075–8080CrossRef
  Boiteux V, Dauchy X, Rosin C, Munoz JF (2012) National screening study on ten perfluorinated compounds in raw and treated tap water in France. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 63(1):1–12CrossRef
  Chen H, Zhang C, Yu YX, Han JB (2012) Sorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on marine sediments. Mar Pollut Bull 64(5):902–906CrossRef
  Davis KL, Aucoin MD, Larsen BS, Kaiser MA, Hartten AS (2007) Transport of ammonium perfluorooctanoate in environmental media near a fluoropolymer manufacturing facility. Chemosphere 67(10):2011–2019CrossRef
  Dong DL, Sun WJ, Zhu ZC, Xi S, Lin G (2013) Groundwater risk assessment of the third aquifer in Tianjin city, China. Water Resour Manag 27(8):3179–3190CrossRef
  Drinking Water Commission (2006) Provisional evaluation of PFT in drinking water with the guide substances perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) as examples. Statement by the Drinking Water Commission (Trinkwasserkommission) of the German Ministry of Health at the Federal Environment Agency
  Eschauzier C, de Voogt P, Brauch HJ, Lange FT (2012) Polyfluorinated chemicals in European surface waters, ground- and drinking waters. Handbook of environmental chemistry. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 73–102
  Fukushima M, Tanabe Y, Yabuta H, Tanaka F, Ichikawa H, Tatsumi K, Watanabe A (2006) Water solubility enhancement effects of some polychlorinated organic pollutants by dissolved organic carbon from a soil with a higher organic carbon content. J Environ Sci Health A 41(8):1483–1494CrossRef
  Furl CV, Meredith CA, Strynar MJ, Nakayama SF (2011) Relative importance of wastewater treatment plants and non-point sources of perfluorinated compounds to Washington State rivers. Sci Total Environ 409(15):2902–2907CrossRef
  Genuis SJ, Birkholz D, Ralitsch M, Thibault N (2010) Human detoxification of perfluorinated compounds. Public Health 124(7):367–375CrossRef
  Giesy JP, Kannan K (2002) Perfluorochemical surfactants in the environment. Environ Sci Technol 36(7):146A–152ACrossRef
  Gleick PH (2009) China and water. In: Gleick PH, Cooley H, Cohen MJ (eds) The world’s water 2008–2009: the biennial report on freshwater resources, chap 5. Island Press, Washington, pp 79–100
  Greer CW, Fortin N, Roy R, Whyte LG, Lee K (1998) Indigenous sediment microbial activity in response to nutrient enrichment and plant growth following a controlled oil spill on a freshwater wetland. J Soil Contam 7(1):69–80CrossRef
  Gulkowska A, Jiang Q, So MK, Taniyasu S, Lam PKS, Yamashita N (2006) Persistent perfluorinated acids in seafood collected from two cities of China. Environ Sci Technol 40(12):3736–3741CrossRef
  Jiang QT, Lee TK, Chen K, Wong HL, Zheng JS, Giesy JP, Lo KKW, Yamashita N, Lam PKS (2005) Human health risk assessment of organochlorines associated with fish consumption in a coastal city in China. Environ Pollut 136(1):155–165CrossRef
  Jogsten IE, Perello G, Llebaria X, Bigas E, Marti-Cid R, Karrman A, Domingo JL (2009) Exposure to perfluorinated compounds in Catalonia, Spain, through consumption of various raw and cooked foodstuffs, including packaged food. Food Chem Toxicol 47(7):1577–1583CrossRef
  Kim SK, Kannan K (2007) Perfluorinated acids in air, rain, snow, surface runoff, and lakes: relative importance of pathways to contamination of urban lakes. Environ Sci Technol 41(24):8328–8334CrossRef
  Kim SK, Kho YL, Shoeib M, Kim KS, Kim KR, Park JE, Shin YS (2011) Occurrence of perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctanesulfonate in the Korean water system: implication to water intake exposure. Environ Pollut 159(5):1167–1173CrossRef
  Lange FT, Wenz M, Schmidt CK, Brauch HJ (2007) Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and carboxylates in German drinking water sources compared to other countries. Water Sci Technol 56(11):151–158CrossRef
  Li HY, Ran Y (2012) Distribution and bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface water and fishes. Sci World J 2012:1–14
  Li FS, Sun HW, Hao ZN, He N, Zhao LJ, Zhang T, Sun TH (2011) Perfluorinated compounds in Haihe River and Dagu Drainage Canal in Tianjin, China. Chemosphere 84(2):265–271CrossRef
  Li XY, Zhang PY, Jin L, Shao T, Li ZM, Cao JJ (2012) Efficient photocatalytic decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid by indium oxide and its mechanism. Environ Sci Technol 46(10):5528–5534CrossRef
  Li ZM, Zhang PY, Shao T, Wang JL, Jin L, Li XY (2013) Different nanostructured In2O3 for photocatalytic decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). J Hazard Mater 260:40–46CrossRef
  Lindstrom AB, Strynar MJ, Delinsky AD, Nakayama SF, McMillan L, Libelo EL, Neill M, Thomas L (2011) Application of WWTP biosolids and resulting perfluorinated compound contamination of surface and well water in Decatur, Alabama, USA. Environ Sci Technol 45(19):8015–8021CrossRef
  Loos R, Wollgast J, Huber T, Hanke G (2007) Polar herbicides, pharmaceutical products, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and nonylphenol and its carboxylates and ethoxylates in surface and tap waters around Lake Maggiore in Northern Italy. Anal Bioanal Chem 387(4):1469–1478CrossRef
  Meyer T, De Silva AO, Spencer C, Wania F (2011) Fate of perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates during snowmelt within an urban watershed. Environ Sci Technol 45(19):8113–8119CrossRef
  Möller A, Ahrens L, Surm R, Westerveld J, van der Wielen F, Ebinghaus R, de Voogt P (2010) Distribution and sources of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the River Rhine watershed. Environ Pollut 158(10):3243–3250CrossRef
  Moody CA, Field JA (1999) Determination of perfluorocarboxylates in groundwater impacted by fire-fighting activity. Environ Sci Technol 33(16):2800–2806CrossRef
  Moody CA, Hebert GN, Strauss SH, Field JA (2003) Occurrence and persistence of perfluorooctanesulfonate and other perfluorinated surfactants in groundwater at a fire-training area at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, USA. J Environ Monit 5(2):341–345CrossRef
  Murakami M, Kuroda K, Sato N, Fukushi T, Takizawa S, Takada H (2009) Groundwater pollution by perfluorinated surfactants in Tokyo. Environ Sci Technol 43(10):3480–3486CrossRef
  Newsted JL, Beach SA, Gallagher SP, Giesy JP (2006) Pharmacokinetics and acute lethality of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) to juvenile mallard and northern bobwhite. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 50(3):411–420CrossRef
  Nguyen VT, Reinhard M, Karina GY (2011) Occurrence and source characterization of perfluorochemicals in an urban watershed. Chemosphere 82(9):1277–1285CrossRef
  Pan YY, Shi YL, Wang JM, Jin XL, Cai YQ (2011) Pilot investigation of perfluorinated compounds in river water, sediment, soil and fish in Tianjin, China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 87(2):152–157CrossRef
  Plumlee MH, Larabee J, Reinhard M (2008) Perfluorochemicals in water reuse. Chemosphere 72(10):1541–1547CrossRef
  Prevedouros K, Cousins IT, Buck RC, Korzeniowski SH (2006) Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates. Environ Sci Technol 40(1):32–44CrossRef
  Quinete N, Wu Q, Zhang T, Yun SH, Moreira I, Kannan K (2009) Specific profiles of perfluorinated compounds in surface and drinking waters and accumulation in mussels, fish, and dolphins from southeastern Brazil. Chemosphere 77(6):863–869CrossRef
  Rao KF, Lei BL, Li N, Ma M, Wang ZJ (2013) Determination of estrogens and estrogenic activities in water from three rivers in Tianjin, China. J Environ Sci 25(6):1164–1171 (in Chinese) CrossRef
  Ritter SK (2010) Fluorochemicals go short. Chem Eng News 88(5):12–17CrossRef
  Schwarzenbach RP, Gschwend PM, Imboden DM (2005) Environmental organic chemistry. Wiley, Hoboken
  Shoeib M, Vlahos P, Harner T, Peters A, Graustein M, Narayan J (2010) Survey of polyfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) in the atmosphere over the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Atmos Environ 44(24):2887–2893CrossRef
  Skei J, Larsson P, Rosenberg R, Jonsson P, Olsson M, Broman D (2000) Eutrophication and contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Ambio 29(4):184–194CrossRef
  Söderström M, Nylund K, Järnberg U, Lithner G, Rosén G, Kylin H (2000) Seasonal variations of DDT compounds and PCB in a eutrophic and an oligotrophic lake in relation to algal biomass. Ambio 29(4/5):230–237CrossRef
  Stock NL, Furdui VI, Muir DC, Mabury SA (2007) Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: evidence of atmospheric transport and local contamination. Environ Sci Technol 41(10):3529–3536CrossRef
  Takagi S, Adachi F, Miyano K, Koizumi Y, Tanaka H, Mimura M, Watanabe I, Tanabe S, Kannan K (2008) Perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in raw and treated tap water from Osaka, Japan. Chemosphere 72(10):1409–1412CrossRef
  Takagi S, Adachi F, Miyano K, Koizumi Y, Tanaka H, Watanabe I, Tanabe S, Kannan K (2011) Fate of perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in drinking water treatment processes. Water Res 45(13):3925–3932CrossRef
  Taniyasu S, Kannan K, So MK, Gulkowska A, Sinclair E, Okazawa T, Yamashita N (2005) Analysis of fluorotelomer alcohols, fluorotelomer acids, and short- and long-chain perfluorinated acids in water and biota. J Chromatogr A 1093 1–2:89–97CrossRef
  Taylor WD, Bentzen E, DeLucca B, Hickie BE, Lean DRS, Mackay D, Patterson G (1996) Empirical evidence for the importance of lake trophic status and food web in bioaccumulation in southern Ontario lakes, pp 101–113 in R.I.V.M. Workshop, Interactions of nutrients and contaminants in the food chain of aquatic ecosystems. Utrecht, The Netherlands
  Thayer K, Houlihan J (2002) Perfluorinated chemicals: justification for inclusion of this chemical class in the national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals. Environmental Working Group, Washington DC
  US EPA (2011) Exposure factors handbook 2011 Edition (Final). US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, EPA/600/R-09/052F
  Wang TY, Khim JS, Chen CL, Naile JE, Lu YL, Kannan K, Park J, Luo W, Jiao WT, Hu WY, Giesy JP (2012) Perfluorinated compounds in surface waters from Northern China: comparison to level of industrialization. Environ Int 42:37–46CrossRef
  Wang XW, Xi BD, Huo SL, Deng L, Pan HW, Xia XF, Zhang JT, Ren YQ, Liu HL (2013) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers occurrence in major inflowing rivers of Lake Chaohu (China): characteristics, potential sources and inputs to lake. Chemosphere 93(8):1624–1631CrossRef
  Washington JW, Yoo H, Ellington JJ, Jenkins TM, Libelo EL (2010) Concentrations, distribution, and persistence of perfluoroalkylates in sludge-applied soils near Decatur, Alabama, USA. Environ Sci Technol 44(22):8397–8402CrossRef
  Weiss O, Wiesmuller GA, Bunte A, Goen T, Schmidt CK, Wilhelm M, Holzer J (2012) Perfluorinated compounds in the vicinity of a fire training area-Human biomonitoring among ten persons drinking water from contaminated private wells in Cologne, Germany. Int J Hyg Environ Health 215(2):212–215CrossRef
  Wilhelm M, Bergmann S, Dieter HH (2010) Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in drinking water of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and new approach to assess drinking water contamination by shorter-chained C4–C7 PFCs. Int J Hyg Environ Health 213(3):224–232CrossRef
  Zareitalabad P, Siemens J, Hamer M, Amelung W (2013) Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in surface waters, sediments, soils and wastewater—a review on concentrations and distribution coefficients. Chemosphere 91(6):725–732CrossRef
  Zhang T, Sun HW, Wu Q, Zhang XZ, Yun SH, Kannan K (2010) Perfluorochemicals in meat, eggs and indoor dust in China: assessment of sources and pathways of human exposure to perfluorochemicals. Environ Sci Technol 44(9):3572–3579CrossRef
  Zhang W, Lin ZK, Hu MY, Wang XD, Lian QQ, Lin KF, Dong QX, Huang CJ (2011a) Perfluorinated chemicals in blood of residents in Wenzhou, China. Ecotox Environ Safe 74(6):1787–1793CrossRef
  Zhang T, Sun H, Lin Y, Wang L, Zhang XZ, Liu Y, Geng X, Zhao LJ, Li FS, Kannan K (2011b) Perfluorinated compounds in human blood, water, edible freshwater fish, and seafood in China: daily intake and regional differences in human exposures. J Agric Food Chem 59(20):11168–11176CrossRef
  Zhang Y, Guo CS, Xu J, Tian YZ, Shi GL, Feng YC (2012) Potential source contributions and risk assessment of PAHs in sediments from Taihu Lake, China: comparison of three receptor models. Water Res 46(9):3065CrossRef
  Zhang YF, Beesoon S, Zhu LY, Martin JW (2013) Biomonitoring of perfluoroalkyl acids in human urine and estimates of biological half-life. Environ Sci Technol 47(18):10619–10627
  Zhou Z, Shi YL, Li WH, Xu L, Cai YQ (2012) Perfluorinated compounds in surface water and organisms from Baiyangdian Lake in North China: source profiles, bioaccumulation and potential risk. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 89(3):519–524CrossRef
  Zhou Z, Liang Y, Shi YL, Xu L, Cai YQ (2013) Occurrence and transport of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), including short-chain PFAAs in Tangxun Lake, China. Environ Sci Technol 47(16):9249–9257CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Yanjie Qi (1) (2)
  Shouliang Huo (2)
  Shibin Hu (1)
  Beidou Xi (2)
  Jing Su (2)
  Zhenwu Tang (3)
  
  1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
  2. Innovation Base of Ground Water and Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, China
  3. MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy and Environmental Systems Optimization, Resources and Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：None Assigned
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1866-6299

文摘

This study investigated the occurrence of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in groundwater from 16 sampled wells for the public drinking water supply in a suburb of Tianjin, China. Thirteen PFC analytes were quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Concentrations of the total PFCs in groundwater ranged from 0.32 to 8.3 ng L−1 with an average of 2.4 ng L−1. The dominant PFCs were perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with averages of 1.1 and 0.81 ng L−1, respectively. Levels of perfluorocarboxylic acids containing 6–12 carbon atoms (except PFOA) in groundwater decreased with the increase of their carbon chain lengths. Strong positive correlations were observed between perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and PFOA, PFHpA and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), PFHpA and PFBS, and PFOA and PFNA (Spearman Correlation test, p < 0.01), suggesting that these chemicals might originate from the same or similar pollution sources. The principal component analysis–multiple linear regression model analysis showed that PFCs mainly came from the fluorotelomer production and emission, followed by the introduction of the substitute compounds. PFC concentrations were positively correlated to the contents of dissolved organic carbon and Mn2+, and negatively correlated to the contents of total nitrogen and SO₄ 2− in groundwater. These indicated that PFC distributions and pollution levels in groundwater were related to organic carbon, nutrients and inorganic salts. The preliminary health risk assessment suggested that there was no significantly immediate harm of exposure to PFCs in drinking water for the villagers in the suburb of Tianjin, China.