Transformation challenges: from software models to performance models

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Murray Woodside ; Dorina C. Petriu ; José Merseguer…
• 关键词：Software performance ; Performance analysis ; Model transformation ; UML ; MARTE profile ; Layered queueing networks
• 刊名：Software and Systems Modeling
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：October 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：13
• 期：4
• 页码：1529-1552
• 全文大小：3,250 KB
• 参考文献：1. Balsamo, S., Marzolla, M.: Simulation modeling of UML software architectures. In: Proceedings of the ESM-3, Nottingham, UK, June 2003
  2. Balsamo, S., DiMarco, A., Inverardi, P., Simeoni, M.: Model-based performance prediction in software development. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 30(5), 295-10 (2004) CrossRef
  3. Becker, S., Koziolek, H., Reussner, R.: The Palladio component model for model-driven performance prediction. J. Syst. Softw. 82(1), 3-2 (2009) CrossRef
  4. Bernardi, S., Donatelli, S., Merseguer, J.: From UML sequence diagrams and statecharts to analysable Petri net models. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Software and Performance, Rome, July 2002, pp. 35-5
  5. Bernardi, S., Merseguer, J.: Performance evaluation of UML design with stochastic well-formed nets. J. Syst. Softw. 80(11), 1843-865 (2007) CrossRef
  6. Cavenet, C., Gilmore, S., Hillston, J., Kloul, L., Stevens, P.: Analysing UML 2.0 activity diagrams in the software performance engineering process. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Software and Performance, Redwood City, CA, Jan 2004, pp. 74-3
  7. Cortellessa, V., Mirandola, R.: Deriving a queueing network based performance model from UML diagrams. In: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Software and Performance, Ottawa, Sept. 17-0, pp. 58-0 (2000)
  8. Cortellessa, V., Di Marco, A., Inverardi, P.: Model-Based Software Performance Analysis. Springer, Berlin (2011) CrossRef
  9. DiStefano, S., Scarpa, M., Puliafito, A.: From UML to petri nets: the PCM-based methodology. IEEE Trans Softw. Eng. doi:10.1109/TSE.2010.10 12, Jan 2010
  10. Franks, G., Petriu, Dorina, Woodside, M., Xu, J., Tregunno, P.: Layered bottlenecks and their mitigation. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems, Riverside, CA, Sept 2006
  11. Franks, G., Woodside, M.: Multiclass multiservers with deferred operations in layered queueing networks, with software system applications. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunications Systems (MASCOTS, 2004), pp. 239-48, Volendam, The Netherlands, Oct 2004
  12. Franks, G., Al-Omari, T., Woodside, M., Das, O., Derisavi, S.: Enhanced modeling and solution of layered queueing networks. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 35(2), 148-61 (2009) CrossRef
  13. Goble, C.A., et al.: Myexperiment: a repository and social network for the sharing of bioinformatics workflows. Nucleic Acids Research 38 (suppl 2) (2010). See also http://www.myexperiment.org/workflows/
  14. Grassi, V., Mirandola, R., Sabetta, A.: From design to analysis models: a kernel language for performance and reliability analysis of component-based systems. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Software and Performance, pp. 25-6, Palma, Spain, July 2005
  15. International Standards Organization, Software and System Engineering: High-level Petri nets-Part 1: concepts, definitions and graphical notation. ISO/IEC document 15909- (2004)
  16. Jain, R.: The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis. Wiley, New York (1991)
  17. Jansen, D., Hermanns, H.: QoS modeling with UML statecharts. Proc. ACM Sigmetrics 32, 28-3 (2005) CrossRef
  18. Kahkipuro, P.: UML based performance modeling framework for object oriented systems. In: UML99, The Unified Modeling Language, Beyond the Standard, LNCS 1723, pp. 356-71, Springer (1999)
  19. Khan, R.H., Heegaard, P.E.: Translation from UML to Markov model: a performance modeling framework for managing behavior of multiple collaborative sessions and instances. In: 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT), pp. 677-86 (2010)
  20. López-Grao, J.P., Merseguer, J., Campos, J.: From UML activity diagrams to Stochastic Petri Nets. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Software and Performance, pp. 25-6, Redwood City, CA, Jan. 2004
  21. Marzolla, M., Balsamo, S.: UML-PSI: the UML performance simulator. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST-4), Enschede, pp. 340-41 (2004)
  22. Menasce, D., Gomaa, H.: A method for design and performance modeling of client/server systems. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 26(11), 1066-085 (2000) CrossRef
  23. Merseguer, J.: Software performance engineering based on UML and Petri nets. Ph.D. thesis, University of Zaragoza, Spain, March 2003
  24. Object Management Group. UML Profile for MARTE Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded Systems, Version 1.0, OMG doc. formal/2009-11-02, Dec 2009
  25. Object Management Group. Unified Modeling Language (UML), v2.3—Superstructure, document formal/10-05-05, May 2005
  26. Object Management Group: UML profile for schedulability, performance, and time specification, version 1.1, OMG document formal/05-01-02, Jan 2005
  27. Petriu, D.C., Gu, G.: From UML to LQN by XML algebra-based model transformations. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACM Int Workshop on Software and Performance (WOSP 05), pp. 99-10, Palma, June (2005)
  28. Petriu, D.C., Sabetta, A.: From UML to performance analysis models by abstraction-raising transformation. In: Babau, J.P., Champeau, J., Gerard, S. (eds.) From MDD Concepts to Experiments and Illustrations, pp. 53-0, ISTE Ltd. (2006)
  29. Petriu, D.C., Shen, H.: Applying the UML performance profile: graph grammar-based derivation of LQN models from UML specifications. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Modeling Tools and Techniques for Computer and Communication System Performance Evaluation, London, England (2002)
  30. Petriu, D.B., Woodside, C.M.: An intermediate metamodel with scenarios and resources for generating performance models from UML designs. Softw. Syst. Model. 6(2), 163-84 (2007) CrossRef
  31. PUMA project web page http://sce.carleton.ca/rads/puma
  32. Sibertin-Blanc, C., Hameurlain, N., Tahir, O.: Ambiguity and structural properties of basic sequence diagrams. 4(3), 275-84 (2008)
  33. Smith, C.U., Lladó, C.M.: Performance model interchange format (PMIF 2.0). In: Proceedings of the QEST 2004 (First International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems) Enschede, Sept 2004
  34. Smith, C.U., Williams, L.G.: Software performance AntiPatterns. International CMG Conference, pp 797-06, Dec 2001
  35. Smith, C.U.: Introduction to software performance engineering: origins and outstanding problems. In: International Summer School on Formal Methods for Performance Evaluation, pp. 395-28, Bertinoro, Springer (2007)
  36. Smith, C.U., Williams, L.G.: Performance Solutions. Addison-Wesley, Boston (2002)
  37. The GreatSPN tool. Available at http://www.di.unito.it/~greatspn
  38. Transaction Processing Council: TPC Benchmark W (Web Commerce) Specification, Version 1.8 (2002)
  39. Tribastone, M., Gilmore, S.: Automatic translation of UML sequence diagrams into PEPA models. In: Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST 2008), pp. 205-14, St Malo, France (2008)
  40. Woodside, M., Franks, G., Petriu, D.C.: The future of software performance engineering. In: Proceedings of the Future of Software Engineering 2007, pp 171-87, IEEE Computer Society, May 2007
  41. Woodside, M., Petriu, D.C., Petriu, D.B., Shen, H., Israr, T., Merseguer, J.: Performance by unified model analysis (PUMA). In: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Software and Performance (WOSP-005), pp. 1-2, Palma de Mallorca, July 2005
  42. Woodside, M., Petriu, D.B., Siddiqui, K.H.: Performance-related completions for software specifications. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Software Engineering, May (2002)
  43. Woodside, M.: Software resource architecture. Int. J. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng. (IJSEKE) 11(4), 407-29 (2001) CrossRef
  44. Woodside, M., Petriu, D.C., Petriu, D.B., Xu, J., Israr, T., Georg, G., France, R., Bieman, J.M., Houmb, S.H., Jurjens, J.: Performance analysis of security aspects by weaving scenarios from UML models. J. Syst. Softw. 82(1), 56-4 (2009) CrossRef
  45. Xu, J.: Rule-based automatic software performance diagnosis and improvement. Perform. Eval. 67(8), 585-11 (2010) CrossRef
  46. Zeng, Y.X.: Transforming Use Case Maps to the Core Scenario Model Representation. MASc thesis, University of Ottawa, May (2005)
  
• 作者单位：Murray Woodside (1)
  Dorina C. Petriu (1)
  José Merseguer (2)
  Dorin B. Petriu (1)
  Mohammad Alhaj (1)
  
  1. Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S?5B6, Canada
  2. Departamento de Informática e Ingeniería de Sistemas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
  
• ISSN：1619-1374

文摘

A software model can be analysed for non-functional requirements by extending it with suitable annotations and transforming it into analysis models for the corresponding non-functional properties. For quantitative performance evaluation, suitable annotations are standardized in the “UML Profile for Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Embedded systems-(MARTE) and its predecessor, the “UML Profile for Schedulability, Performance and Time- A range of different performance model types (such as queueing networks, Petri nets, stochastic process algebra) may be used for analysis. In this work, an intermediate “Core Scenario Model-(CSM) is used in the transformation from the source software model to the target performance model. CSM focuses on how the system behaviour uses the system resources. The semantic gap between the software model and the performance model must be bridged by (1) information supplied in the performance annotations, (2) in interpretation of the global behaviour expressed in the CSM and (3) in the process of constructing the performance model. Flexibility is required for specifying sets of alternative cases, for choosing where this bridging information is supplied, and for overriding values. It is also essential to be able to trace the source of values used in a particular performance estimate. The performance model in turn can be used to verify responsiveness and scalability of a software system, to discover architectural limitations at an early stage of development, and to develop efficient performance tests. This paper describes how the semantic gap between software models in UML+MARTE and performance models (based on queueing or Petri nets) can be bridged using transformations based on CSMs, and how the transformation challenges are addressed.