The Emory University Perioperative Algorithm for the Management of Hyperglycemia and Diabetes in Non-cardiac Surgery Patients
- 作者:Elizabeth W. Duggan ; Matthew A. Klopman ; Arnold J. Berry…
- 关键词:Perioperative ; Diabetes and surgery ; Stress hyperglycemia ; Surgery ; Anesthesia ; Inpatient care ; Hospital ; Blood glucose management
- 刊名:Current Diabetes Reports
- 出版年:2016
- 出版时间:March 2016
- 年:2016
- 卷:16
- 期:3
- 全文大小:628 KB
- 参考文献:1.Umpierrez GE, Isaacs SD, Bazargan N, You X, Thaler LM, Kitabchi AE. Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(3):978–82.PubMed CrossRef
2.Frisch A, Chandra P, Smiley D, Peng L, Rizzo M, Gatcliffe C, et al. Prevalence and clinical outcome of hyperglycemia in the perioperative period in noncardiac surgery. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(8):1783–8.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
3.•
Kwon S, Thompson R, Dellinger P, Yanez D, Farrohki E, Flum D. Importance of
perioperative glycemic control in general surgery: a report from the Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program. Ann Surg. 2013;257(1):8–14. Study of > 11,000 general surgery demonstrating numerous poor patient outcomes for those with BG > 180mg/dL when left untreated (versus those treated with insulin therapy having outcomes similar to normoglycemic patients). PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
4.Falciglia M, Freyberg RW, Almenoff PL, D’Alessio DA, Render ML. Hyperglycemia-related mortality in critically ill patients varies with admission diagnosis. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(12):3001–9.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
5.Dungan KM, Braithwaite SS, Preiser JC. Stress hyperglycaemia. Lancet. 2009;373(9677):1798–807.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
6.••
Kotagal M, Symons RG, Hirsch IB, Umpierrez GE, Dellinger EP, Farrokhi ET, et al. Perioperative hyperglycemia and risk of adverse events among patients with and without diabetes. Ann Surg. 2015;261(1):97–103. Using the surgical outcomes database, an evaluation of surgical patients demonstrating that hyperglycemia in non-diabetic patientsis significantly associated with poor outcomes. PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
7.Mraovic B, Hipszer BR, Epstein RH, Pequignot EC, Parvizi J, Joseph JI. Preadmission hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for in-hospital symptomatic pulmonary embolism after major orthopedic surgery. J Arthroplasty. 2010;25(1):64–70.PubMed CrossRef
8.van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx F, Schetz M, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(19):1359–67.PubMed CrossRef
9.Furnary AP, Gao G, Grunkemeier GL, Wu Y, Zerr KJ, Bookin SO, et al. Continuous insulin infusion reduces mortality in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;125(5):1007–21.PubMed CrossRef
10.Inzucchi SE. Clinical practice. Management of hyperglycemia in the hospital setting. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(18):1903–11.PubMed CrossRef
11.Kitabchi AE, Freire AX, Umpierrez GE. Evidence for strict inpatient blood glucose control: time to revise glycemic goals in hospitalized patients. Metabolism. 2008;57(1):116–20.PubMed CrossRef
12.Kosiborod M, Inzucchi SE, Spertus JA, Wang Y, Masoudi FA, Havranek EP, et al. Elevated admission glucose and mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure. Circulation. 2009;119(14):1899–907.PubMed CrossRef
13.Bower WF, Jin L, Underwood MJ, Lee JF, Lee KF, Lam YH, et al. Overt diabetes mellitus adversely affects surgical outcomes of noncardiovascular patients. Surgery. 2010;147(5):670–5.PubMed CrossRef
14.Schmeltz LR, DeSantis AJ, Thiyagarajan V, Schmidt K, O’Shea-Mahler E, Johnson D, et al. Reduction of surgical mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery with a combined intravenous and subcutaneous insulin glucose management strategy. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(4):823–8.PubMed CrossRef
15.Umpierrez GE, Kitabchi AE. ICU care for patients with diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol. 2004;11:75–81.CrossRef
16.Abdelmalak BB, Knittel J, Abdelmalak JB, Dalton JE, Christiansen E, Foss J, et al. Preoperative blood glucose concentrations and postoperative outcomes after elective non-cardiac surgery: an observational study. Br J Anaesth. 2014;112(1):79–88.PubMed CrossRef
17.Buehler L, Fayfman M, Alexopoulos AS, Zhao L, Farrokhi F, Weaver J, et al. The impact of hyperglycemia and obesity on hospitalization costs and clinical outcome in general surgery patients. J Diabet Complications. 2015;29(8):1177–82.CrossRef
18.Noordzij PG, Boersma E, Schreiner F, Kertai MD, Feringa HH, Dunkelgrun M, et al. Increased preoperative glucose levels are associated with
perioperative mortality in patients undergoing noncardiac, nonvascular surgery. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007;156(1):137–42.PubMed CrossRef
19.Pomposelli JJ, Baxter 3rd JK, Babineau TJ, Pomfret EA, Driscoll DF, Forse RA, et al. Early postoperative glucose control predicts nosocomial infection rate in diabetic patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1998;22(2):77–81.PubMed CrossRef
20.Akhtar ST, Mahmood K, Naqvi IH, Vaswani AS. Inpatient management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: does choice of insulin regimen really matter? Pak J Med Sci. 2014;30(4):895–8.PubMed PubMedCentral
21.McCowen KC, Malhotra A, Bistrian BR. Stress-induced hyperglycemia. Crit Care Clin. 2001;17(1):107–24.PubMed CrossRef
22.Smiley DD, Umpierrez GE. Perioperative glucose control in the diabetic or nondiabetic patient. South Med J. 2006;99(6):580–9. quiz 90–1.PubMed CrossRef
23.Cook CB, Kongable GL, Potter DJ, Abad VJ, Leija DE, Anderson M. Inpatient glucose control: a glycemic survey of 126 U.S. hospitals. J Hosp Med. 2009;4(9):E7–14.PubMed CrossRef
24.Lipshutz AK, Gropper MA. Perioperative glycemic control: an evidence-based review. Anesthesiology. 2009;110(2):408–21.PubMed
25.McDonnell ME, Umpierrez GE. Insulin therapy for the management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2012;41(1):175–201.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
26.McMahon M, Gerich J, Rizza R. Effects of glucocorticoids on carbohydrate metabolism. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1988;4(1):17–30.PubMed CrossRef
27.Chan TM. The permissive effects of glucocorticoid on hepatic gluconeogenesis. Glucagon stimulation of glucose-suppressed gluconeogenesis and inhibition of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase in hepatocytes from fasted rats. J Biol Chem. 1984;259(12):7426–32.PubMed
28.Hotamisligil GS, Murray DL, Choy LN, Spiegelman BM. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits signaling from the insulin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91(11):4854–8.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
29.Lang CH, Dobrescu C, Bagby GJ. Tumor necrosis factor impairs insulin action on peripheral glucose disposal and hepatic glucose output. Endocrinology. 1992;130(1):43–52.PubMed
30.Stentz FB, Umpierrez GE, Cuervo R, Kitabchi AE. Proinflammatory cytokines, markers of cardiovascular risks, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation in patients with hyperglycemic crises. Diabetes. 2004;53(8):2079–86.PubMed CrossRef
31.del Aguila LF, Claffey KP, Kirwan JP. TNF-alpha impairs insulin signaling and insulin stimulation of glucose uptake in C2C12 muscle cells. Am J Physiol. 1999;276(5 Pt 1):E849–55.PubMed
32.Esposito K, Nappo F, Marfella R, Giugliano G, Giugliano F, Ciotola M, et al. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans: role of oxidative stress. Circulation. 2002;106(16):2067–72.PubMed CrossRef
33.Fan J, Li YH, Wojnar MM, Lang CH. Endotoxin-induced alterations in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor, IRS-1, and MAP kinase in skeletal muscle. Shock. 1996;6(3):164–70.PubMed CrossRef
34.Robinson LE, van Soeren MH. Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in critical illness: role of insulin in glycemic control. AACN Clin Issues. 2004;15(1):45–62.PubMed CrossRef
35.Turina M, Fry DE, Polk Jr HC. Acute hyperglycemia and the innate immune system: clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(7):1624–33.PubMed CrossRef
36.Delamaire M, Maugendre D, Moreno M, Le Goff MC, Allannic H, Genetet B. Impaired leucocyte functions in diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 1997;14(1):29–34.PubMed CrossRef
37.Jakelic J, Kokic S, Hozo I, Maras J, Fabijanic D. Nonspecific immunity in diabetes: hyperglycemia decreases phagocytic activity of leukocytes in diabetic patients. Med Arh. 1995;49(1–2):9–12.PubMed
38.Manzella D, Barbieri M, Rizzo MR, Ragno E, Passariello N, Gambardella A, et al. Role of free fatty acids on cardiac autonomic nervous system in noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients: effects of metabolic control. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(6):2769–74.PubMed CrossRef
39.Havmoeller R, Reinier K, Teodorescu C, Ahmadi N, Kwok D, Uy-Evanado A, et al. Elevated plasma free fatty acids are associated with sudden death: a prospective community-based evaluation at the time of cardiac arrest. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11(4):691–6.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
40.Oliver MF, Opie LH. Effects of glucose and fatty acids on myocardial ischaemia and arrhythmias. Lancet. 1994;343(8890):155–8.PubMed CrossRef
41.Yamagishi K, Folsom AR, Steffen LM, Investigators AS. Plasma fatty acid composition and incident ischemic stroke in middle-aged adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013;36(1):38–46.PubMed CrossRef
42.Clement S, Braithwaite SS, Magee MF, Ahmann A, Smith EP, Schafer RG, et al. Management of diabetes and hyperglycemia in hospitals. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(2):553–97.PubMed CrossRef
43.Rains JL, Jain SK. Oxidative stress, insulin signaling, and diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011;50(5):567–75.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
44.Ceriello A, Quagliaro L, D’Amico M, Di Filippo C, Marfella R, Nappo F, et al. Acute hyperglycemia induces nitrotyrosine formation and apoptosis in perfused heart from rat. Diabetes. 2002;51(4):1076–82.PubMed CrossRef
45.Farrokhi F, Smiley D, Umpierrez GE. Glycemic control in non-diabetic critically ill patients. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;25(5):813–24.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
46.Stegenga ME, van der Crabben SN, Blumer RM, Levi M, Meijers JC, Serlie MJ, et al. Hyperglycemia enhances coagulation and reduces neutrophil degranulation, whereas hyperinsulinemia inhibits fibrinolysis during human endotoxemia. Blood. 2008;112(1):82–9.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
47.Yamagishi SI, Edelstein D, Du XL, Brownlee M. Hyperglycemia potentiates collagen-induced platelet activation through mitochondrial superoxide overproduction. Diabetes. 2001;50(6):1491–4.PubMed CrossRef
48.Moghissi ES, Korytkowski MT, DiNardo M, Einhorn D, Hellman R, Hirsch IB, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. Endocr Pract. 2009;15(4):353–69.PubMed CrossRef
49.Moghissi ES, Korytkowski MT, DiNardo M, Einhorn D, Hellman R, Hirsch IB, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(6):1119–31.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
50.Jacobi J, Bircher N, Krinsley J, Agus M, Braithwaite SS, Deutschman C, et al. Guidelines for the use of an insulin infusion for the management of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(12):3251–76.PubMed CrossRef
51.Dhatariya K, Levy N, Kilvert A, Watson B, Cousins D, Flanagan D, et al. NHS diabetes guideline for the
perioperative management of the adult patient with diabetes. Diabet Med. 2012;29(4):420–33.PubMed CrossRef
52.Umpierrez GE, Hellman R, Korytkowski MT, Kosiborod M, Maynard GA, Montori VM, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients in non-critical care setting: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(1):16–38.PubMed CrossRef
53.Pasquel FJ, Gomez-Huelgas R, Anzola I, Oyedokun F, Haw JS, Vellanki P, et al. Predictive value of admission hemoglobin A1c on inpatient glycemic control and response to insulin therapy in medicine and surgery patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(12):e202–3.PubMed CrossRef
54.Gustafsson UO, Thorell A, Soop M, Ljungqvist O, Nygren J. Haemoglobin A1c as a predictor of postoperative hyperglycaemia and complications after major colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2009;96(11):1358–64.PubMed CrossRef
55.Halkos ME, Lattouf OM, Puskas JD, Kilgo P, Cooper WA, Morris CD, et al. Elevated preoperative hemoglobin A1c level is associated with reduced long-term survival after coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;86(5):1431–7.PubMed CrossRef
56.Hudson CC, Welsby IJ, Phillips-Bute B, Mathew JP, Lutz A, Chad Hughes G, et al. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels and outcome in non-diabetic cardiac surgery patients. Can J Anaesth. 2010;57(6):565–72.PubMed CrossRef
57.Faritous Z, Ardeshiri M, Yazdanian F, Jalali A, Totonchi Z, Azarfarin R. Hyperglycemia or high hemoglobin A1C: which one is more associated with morbidity and mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery? Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;20(3):223–8.PubMed CrossRef
58.Underwood P, Seiden J, Carbone K, Chamarthi B, Turchin A, Bader AM, et al. Early identification of individuals with poorly controlled diabetes undergoing elective surgery: improving A1C testing in the preoperative period. Endocr Pract. 2015;21(3):231–6.PubMed CrossRef
59.Kallio PJ, Nolan J, Olsen AC, Breakwell S, Topp R, Pagel PS. Anesthesia preoperative clinic referral for elevated Hba1c reduces complication rate in diabetic patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. Anesth Pain Med. 2015;5(3):e24376.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
60.Korytkowski M, McDonnell ME, Umpierrez GE, Zonszein J. Patient guide to managing hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in the hospital. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(1):27A–8.PubMed CrossRef
61.Mendez CE, Umpierrez G. Management of the hospitalized patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Hosp Pract (1995). 2013;41(3):89–100.CrossRef
62.Seki S. Clinical features of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic diabetic coma associated with cardiac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1986;91(6):867–73.PubMed
63.Brenner WI, Lansky Z, Engelman RM, Stahl WM. Hyperosomolar coma in surgical patients: an latrogenic disease of increasing incidence. Ann Surg. 1973;178(5):651–4.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
64.Joshi GP, Chung F, Vann MA, Ahmad S, Gan TJ, Goulson DT, et al. Society for ambulatory anesthesia consensus statement on
perioperative blood glucose management in diabetic patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg. 2010;111(6):1378–87.PubMed CrossRef
65.Mendez CE, Umpierrez GE. Pharmacotherapy for hyperglycemia in noncritically Ill hospitalized patients. Diabetes Spectr. 2014;27(3):180–8.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
66.Deusenberry CM, Coley KC, Korytkowski MT, Donihi AC. Hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients treated with sulfonylureas. Pharmacotherapy. 2012;32(7):613–7.PubMed CrossRef
60.•
Umpierrez GE, Gianchandani R, Smiley D, Jacobs S, Wesorick DH, Newton C, et al. Safety and efficacy of sitagliptin therapy for the inpatient management of general medicine and surgery patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot, randomized, controlled study. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(11):3430–5. A comparative analysis for both efficacy and safety of a non-insulin therapy (vs. traditional insulin treatment) for the management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients. PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
68.Rosenblatt SI, Dukatz T, Jahn R, Ramsdell C, Sakharova A, Henry M, et al. Insulin glargine dosing before next-day surgery: comparing three strategies. J Clin Anesth. 2012;24(8):610–7.PubMed CrossRef
69.DeSantis AJ, Schmeltz LR, Schmidt K, O’Shea-Mahler E, Rhee C, Wells A, et al. Inpatient management of hyperglycemia: the Northwestern experience. Endocr Pract. 2006;12(5):491–505.PubMed CrossRef
70.Goldberg PA, Siegel MD, Russell RR, Sherwin RS, Halickman JI, Cooper DA, et al. Experience with the continuous glucose monitoring system in a medical intensive care unit. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2004;6(3):339–47.PubMed CrossRef
71.Rea RS, Donihi AC, Bobeck M, Herout P, McKaveney TP, Kane-Gill SL, et al. Implementing an intravenous insulin infusion protocol in the intensive care unit. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007;64(4):385–95.PubMed CrossRef
72.Newton CA, Smiley D, Bode BW, Kitabchi AE, Davidson PC, Jacobs S, et al. A comparison study of continuous insulin infusion protocols in the medical intensive care unit: computer-guided vs. standard column-based algorithms. J Hosp Med. 2010;5(8):432–7.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
73.Shetty S, Inzucchi SE, Goldberg PA, Cooper D, Siegel MD, Honiden S. Adapting to the new consensus guidelines for managing hyperglycemia during critical illness: the updated Yale insulin infusion protocol. Endocr Pract. 2012;18(3):363–70.PubMed CrossRef
74.Donihi AC, DiNardo MM, DeVita MA, Korytkowski MT. Use of a standardized protocol to decrease medication errors and adverse events related to sliding scale insulin. Qual Saf Health Care. 2006;15(2):89–91.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
75.Cook CB, Boyle ME, Cisar NS, Miller-Cage V, Bourgeois P, Roust LR, et al. Use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump) therapy in the hospital setting: proposed guidelines and outcome measures. Diabetes Educ. 2005;31(6):849–57.PubMed CrossRef
76.Gosmanov AR, Umpierrez GE. Medical nutrition therapy in hospitalized patients with diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2012;12(1):93–100.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
77.Davidson PC, Steed RD, Bode BW. Glucommander: a computer-directed intravenous insulin system shown to be safe, simple, and effective in 120,618 h of operation. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(10):2418–23.PubMed CrossRef
78.Juneja R, Roudebush C, Kumar N, Macy A, Golas A, Wall D, et al. Utilization of a computerized intravenous insulin infusion program to control blood glucose in the intensive care unit. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2007;9(3):232–40.PubMed CrossRef
79.Umpierrez G, Cardona S, Pasquel F, Jacobs S, Peng L, Unigwe M, et al. Randomized Controlled Trial of Intensive Versus Conservative Glucose Control in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: GLUCO-CABG Trial. Diabetes Care. 2015
80.Lazar HL, McDonnell MM, Chipkin S, Fitzgerald C, Bliss C, Cabral H. Effects of aggressive versus moderate glycemic control on clinical outcomes in diabetic coronary artery bypass graft patients. Ann Surg. 2011;254(3):458–63. discussion 63–4.PubMed CrossRef
81.Lazar HL, McDonnell M, Chipkin SR, Furnary AP, Engelman RM, Sadhu AR, et al. The society of thoracic surgeons practice guideline series: blood glucose management during adult cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;87(2):663–9.PubMed CrossRef
82.Sebranek JJ, Lugli AK, Coursin DB. Glycaemic control in the
period. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111 Suppl 1:i18–34.PubMed CrossRef
83.Pichardo-Lowden A, Gabbay RA. Management of hyperglycemia during the
period. Curr Diab Rep. 2012;12(1):108–18.PubMed CrossRef
84.Seley JJ, D’Hondt N, Longo R, Manchester C, McKnight K, Olson L, et al. Position statement: inpatient glycemic control. Diabet Educator. 2009;35 Suppl 3:65–9.
85.Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Robalino G, Peng L, Kitabchi AE, Khan B, et al. Intravenous intralipid-induced blood pressure elevation and endothelial dysfunction in obese African-Americans with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(2):609–14.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
86.Umpierrez GE, Jones S, Smiley D, Mulligan P, Keyler T, Temponi A, et al. Insulin analogs versus human insulin in the treatment of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):1164–9.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
87.Cook CB, Castro JC, Schmidt RE, Gauthier SM, Whitaker MD, Roust LR, et al. Diabetes care in hospitalized noncritically ill patients: more evidence for clinical inertia and negative therapeutic momentum. J Hosp Med. 2007;2(4):203–11.PubMed CrossRef
88.Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Zisman A, Prieto LM, Palacio A, Ceron M, et al. Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes (RABBIT 2 trial). Diabetes Care. 2007;30(9):2181–6.PubMed CrossRef
89.Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Hermayer K, Khan A, Olson DE, Newton C, et al. Randomized study comparing a Basal-bolus with a basal plus correction insulin regimen for the hospital management of medical and surgical patients with type 2 diabetes: basal plus trial. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(8):2169–74.PubMed PubMedCentral CrossRef
90.Hirsch IB. Sliding scale insulin—time to stop sliding. JAMA. 2009;301(2):213–4.PubMed CrossRef
91.Bueno E, Benitez A, Rufinelli JV, Figueredo R, Alsina S, Ojeda A, et al. Basal bolus regimen with insulin analogs versus human insulin in medical patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial in Latin America. Endocr Pract. 2015.