Arsenic hazard in Cambodian rice from a market-based survey with a case study of Preak Russey village, Kandal Province

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• 作者：Peter J. Gilbert ; David A. Polya ; David A. Cooke
• 关键词：Arsenic ; Rice ; Rice consumption ; Water consumption ; Dietary As intake ; Cambodia
• 刊名：Environmental Geochemistry and Health
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：August 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：37
• 期：4
• 页码：757-766
• 全文大小：486 KB
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• 作者单位：Peter J. Gilbert (1)
  David A. Polya (2)
  David A. Cooke (1)
  
  1. Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
  2. School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building-G27, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geochemistry
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Public Health
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-2983

文摘

This study comprises a market-based survey to assess the arsenic (As) hazard of Cambodian rice, encompassing rice from seven Cambodian provinces, comparisons with rice imported from China, Vietnam and Thailand, and assessments of 15 rice varieties. Rice samples (n?=?157) were collected from four large markets in Kandal Province and analysed for As using inductively coupled mass spectrometry. The mean As concentration for Cambodian rice (0.185?μg?g?, range 0.047-.771?μg?g?) was higher than that for imported rice from Vietnam and Thailand (0.162 and 0.157?μg?g?, respectively) with mean As concentrations highest in rice from Prey Veng Province resulting in a daily dose of 1.77?μg?kg??b.w.?(body weight)?d?. Between unmilled rice varieties, Cambodian-grown White Sticky Rice had the highest mean As concentration (0.234?μg?g?), whilst White Sticky Rice produced in Thailand had the lowest (0.125?μg?g?), suggesting that localised conditions have greater bearing over rice As concentrations than differences in As uptake between individual varieties themselves. A rice and water consumption survey for 15 respondents in the village of Preak Russey revealed mean consumption rates of 522?g?d? of rice and 1.9?L?d? of water. At water As concentrations >1000?μg?L?, the relative contribution to the daily dose from rice is low. When water As concentrations are lowered to 50?μg?L?, daily doses from rice and water are both generally below the 3.0?μg?kg??b.w.?d? benchmark daily limit for a 0.5?% increase in lung cancer, yet when combined they exceeded this value in all but three respondents.