Inventory development for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in Turkey: challenges to control chemicals in articles and products

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• 作者：M. Kemal Korucu ; Kadir Gedik ; Roland Weber…
• 关键词：Chemicals in products ; HS codes ; Monte Carlo simulation ; POPs inventory ; PFOS and PFAS ; Stockholm Convention
• 刊名：Environmental Science and Pollution Research
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：October 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：22
• 期：19
• 页码：14537-14545
• 全文大小：505 KB
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• 作者单位：M. Kemal Korucu (1)
  Kadir Gedik (2)
  Roland Weber (3)
  Aykan Karademir (1)
  Perihan Binnur Kurt-Karakus (4)
  
  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
  3. POPs Environmental Consulting, 73527, Schw盲bisch Gm眉nd, Germany
  4. Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Technical University, 16190, Bursa, Turkey
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
  Industrial Pollution Prevention
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1614-7499

文摘

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and related substances have been listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention. Countries which have ratified the Convention need to take appropriate actions to control PFOS use and release. This study compiles and enhances the findings of the first inventory of PFOS and related substances use in Turkey conducted within the frame of the Stockholm Convention National Implementation Plan (NIP) update. The specific Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System (HS)) codes of imported and exported goods that possibly contain PFOS and 165 of Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) numbers of PFOS-related substances were assessed for acquiring information from customs and other authorities. However, with the current approaches available, no useful information could be compiled since HS codes are not specific enough and CAS numbers are not used by customs. Furthermore, the cut-off volume in chemical databases in Turkey and the reporting limit in the HS system (0.1 %) are too high for controlling PFOS. The attempt of modeling imported volumes by a Monte Carlo simulation did not also result in a satisfactory estimate, giving an upper-bound estimate above the global production volumes. The replies to questionnaires were not satisfactory, highlighting that an elaborated approach is needed in the communication with potentially PFOS-using stakeholders. The experience of the challenges of gathering information on PFOS in articles and products revealed the gaps of controlling highly hazardous substances in products and articles and the need of improvements. Keywords Chemicals in products HS codes Monte Carlo simulation POPs inventory PFOS and PFAS Stockholm Convention