The role of eddies in the diving behaviour of female southern elephant seals
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- 作者：Philip P. Massie ; Trevor McIntyre ; Peter G. Ryan ; Marthán N. Bester…
- 关键词：Marion Island ; Mirounga leonina ; Antarctic Circumpolar Current ; Mesoscale features ; Energetics ; Dive types ; Southwest Indian Ridge
- 刊名：Polar Biology
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：February 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：39
- 期：2
- 页码：297-307
- 全文大小：964 KB
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Trevor McIntyre (3)
Peter G. Ryan (1)
Marthán N. Bester (3)
Horst Bornemann (4)
Isabelle J. Ansorge (2)
1. Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
2. Department of Oceanography, Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
3. Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
4. Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany - 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
- 刊物主题：Life Sciences
Ecology
Oceanography
Microbiology
Plant Sciences
Zoology - 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
- ISSN：1432-2056
文摘
As the Antarctic Circumpolar Current crosses the South-West Indian Ocean Ridge, it creates an extensive eddy field characterised by high sea level anomaly variability. We investigated the diving behaviour of female southern elephant seals from Marion Island during their post-moult migrations in relation to this eddy field in order to determine its role in the animals’ at-sea dispersal. Most seals dived within the region significantly more often than predicted by chance, and these dives were generally shallower and shorter than dives outside the eddy field. Mixed effects models estimated reductions of 44.33 ± 3.00 m (maximum depth) and 6.37 ± 0.10 min (dive duration) as a result of diving within the region, along with low between-seal variability (maximum depth: 5.5 % and dive duration: 8.4 %). U-shaped dives increased in frequency inside the eddy field, whereas W-shaped dives with multiple vertical movements decreased. Results suggest that Marion Island’s adult female elephant seals’ dives are characterised by lowered cost-of-transport when they encounter the eddy field during the start and end of their post-moult migrations. This might result from changes in buoyancy associated with varying body condition upon leaving and returning to the island. Our results do not suggest that the eddy field is a vital foraging ground for Marion Island’s southern elephant seals. However, because seals preferentially travel through this area and likely forage opportunistically while minimising transport costs, we hypothesise that climate-mediated changes in the nature or position of this region may alter the seals’ at-sea dispersal patterns. Keywords Marion Island Mirounga leonina Antarctic Circumpolar Current Mesoscale features Energetics Dive types Southwest Indian Ridge