Studies on photodegradation process of psychotropic drugs: a review
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Jakub Trawiński ; Robert Skibiński
- 关键词：Photodegradation ; Photostability ; Photocatalysis ; Phototoxicity ; Psychotropic drugs ; Degradation products
- 刊名：Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- 出版年：2017
- 出版时间：January 2017
- 年：2017
- 卷：24
- 期：2
- 页码：1152-1199
- 全文大小：2498KB
- 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
- 刊物主题：Environment, general; Environmental Chemistry; Ecotoxicology; Environmental Health; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water M
- 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- ISSN：1614-7499
- 卷排序：24
文摘
Consumption of psychotropic drugs is still increasing, especially in high-income countries. One of the most crucial consequences of this fact is significant release of them to the environment. Considerable amounts of atypical antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and their metabolites were detected in river, lake, and sea water, as well as in tissues of aquatic organisms. Their ecotoxicity was proved by numerous studies. It should be noticed that interaction between psychotropic pharmaceuticals and radiation may lead to formation of potentially more toxic intermediates. On the other hand, photo-assisted wastewater treatment methods can be used as an efficient way to eliminate them from the environment. Many methods based on photolysis and photocatalysis were proposed and developed recently; nevertheless, the problem is still unsolved. However, according to recent studies, photocatalysis could be considered as the most promising and far more effective than regular photolysis. An overview on photolytic as well as homogenous and heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation methods with the use of various catalysts is presented. The photostability and phototoxicity of pharmaceuticals were also discussed. Various analytical methods were used for the photodegradation research, and this issue was also compared and summarized. Use of high-resolution multistage mass spectrometry (Q-TOF, ion trap, Orbitrap) was suggested. The combined techniques such as LC–MS, GC–MS, and LC–NMR, which enable qualitative and quantitative analyses in one run, proved to be the most valuable in this case. Assembling of MS/MS spectra libraries of drug molecules and their phototransformation products was identified as the future challenge.