Structure and ultrastructure of eyes of tornaria larvae of Glossobalanus marginatus

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• 作者：Katrin Braun ; Sabrina Kaul-Strehlow…
• 关键词：Deuterostome ; Enteropneust ; Hemichordate ; Rhabdomeric ; Ciliary photoreceptor
• 刊名：Organisms Diversity & Evolution
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：June 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：15
• 期：2
• 页码：423-428
• 全文大小：1,411 KB
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• 作者单位：Katrin Braun (1)
  Sabrina Kaul-Strehlow (2)
  Esther Ullrich-L眉ter (3)
  Thomas Stach (1)
  
  1. Institut f眉r Lebenswissenschaften, Vergleichende Zoologie, Humboldt-Universit盲t zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, Haus 2, 10115, Berlin, Germany
  2. Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
  3. Museum f眉r Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut f眉r Evolutions- und Biodiversit盲tsforschung, Invalidenstra脽e 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
  
• 刊物主题：Biodiversity; Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography; Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1618-1077

文摘

Enteropneusts or acorn worms are marine deuterostomes that have retained many plesiomorphic characters. Thus, enteropneusts are of prime interest in evolutionary comparisons between deuterostomes and protostomes. In the present study, the larval eyes of Glossobalanus marginatus were reconstructed and described based on serial sectioning for transmission electron microscopy. The everse eyes of the late Metschnikoff/early Krohn-stage tornaria larvae of G. marginatus are epidermal structures consisting of two rows of in total 13 shading pigment cells and another two rows of 13 photoreceptor cells. The pigment cells form a shallow cup with a relatively wide opening, making the cup-shaped eye optically unsuitable for picture generation. We demonstrate that the photosensitive cells possess numerous enlarged microvilli and an unmodified apical cilium. Our ultrastructural studies thus corroborate the photoreceptor cells in the eye of G. marginatus to be of a clearly rhabdomeric type. Preliminary immunohistochemical experiments support those findings by demonstrating immunopositive reaction of the tornarian eye photoreceptors with an antibody designed against rhabdomeric sea urchin photopigment (Sp-Opsin4). Observations of living animals indicate that Late Metschnikoff/early Krohn-stage tornaria larvae are negatively phototactic, probably concordant with imminent metamorphosis.