Out-of-pocket expenditure and its determinants in the context of private healthcare sector expansion in sub-Saharan Africa urban cities: evidence from household survey in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Idrissa Beogo ; Nicole Huang ; Marie-Pierre Gagnon ; Djesika D. Amendah
• 关键词：Burkina Faso ; Urban ; Healthcare utilization ; For ; profit ; Not ; for ; profit ; Public ; Expenditure ; Out ; of ; pocket expenditure
• 刊名：BMC Research Notes
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：December 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：9
• 期：1
• 全文大小：1,092 KB
• 参考文献：1.Essue BM, Kimman M, Svenstrup N, Lindevig Kjoege K, Lea Laba T, Hackett ML, Jan S. The effectiveness of interventions to reduce the household economic burden of illness and injury: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2015;93(2):102.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  2.Atella V, Brugiavini A, Pace N. The health care system reform in China: effects on out-of-pocket expenses and saving. China Econ Rev. 2015;34:182–95.CrossRef
  3.Wang Q, Brenner S, Leppert G, Banda TH, Kalmus O, De Allegri M. Health seeking behaviour and the related household out-of-pocket expenditure for chronic non-communicable diseases in rural Malawi. Health Policy Plan. 2015;30(2):242–52.PubMed CrossRef
  4.Barros AJ, Bertoldi AD. Out-of-pocket health expenditure in a population covered by the Family Health Program in Brazil. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37(4):758–65.PubMed CrossRef
  5.Ridde V, Robert E, Meessen B. A literature review of the disruptive effects of user fee exemption policies on health systems. BMC Public health. 2012;12(289):2–7.
  6.Paganini A. The Bamako Initiative was not about money. Health Policy Dev J. 2004;2(1):11–3.
  7.Lagarde M, Palmer N. The impact of user fees on health service utilization in low- and middle-income countries: how strong is the evidence? Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86(11):839–48.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  8.Dong H, De Allegri M, Gnawali D, Souares A, Sauerborn R. Drop-out analysis of community-based health insurance membership at Nouna, Burkina Faso. Health Policy. 2009;92(2–3):174–9.PubMed CrossRef
  9.Witter S, Fretheim A, Kessy F, Lindahl A. Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low- and middle-income countries (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;2:1–82.
  10.Meessen B, Soucat A, Sekabaraga C. Performance-based financing: just a donor fad or a catalyst towards comprehensive health-care reform? Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89(2):153–6.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  11.Duc HA, Sabin LL, Cuong LQ, Thien DD, Feeley R III. Potential collaboration with the private sector for the provision of ambulatory care in the Mekong region, Vietnam. Glob Health Action. 2012;5:1–11.
  12.Pan J, Qin X, Li Q, Messina JP, Delamater PL. Does hospital competition improve health care delivery in China? China Econ Rev. 2015;33:179–99.CrossRef
  13.Katyal A, Singh PV, Bergkvist S, Samarth A, Rao M. Private sector participation in delivering tertiary health care: a dichotomy of access and affordability across two Indian states. Health Policy Plan. 2015;30(Suppl 1):i23–31.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  14.Dilip TR. Utilization of inpatient care from private hospitals: trends emerging from Kerala, India. Health Policy Plan. 2010;25(5):437–46.PubMed CrossRef
  15.Berendes S, Heywood P, Oliver S, Garner P. Quality of private and public ambulatory health care in low and middle income countries: systematic review of comparative studies. PLoS Med. 2011;8(4):1–10.CrossRef
  16.Shah NM, Wang W, Bishai DM. Comparing private sector family planning services to government and NGO services in Ethiopia and Pakistan: how do social franchises compare across quality, equity and cost? Health Policy Plan. 2011;26(Suppl 1):i63–71.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  17.Nguyen H. The principal-agent problems in health care: evidence from prescribing patterns of private providers in Vietnam. Health Policy Plan. 2011;26(Suppl 1):i53–62.PubMed CrossRef
  18.Naqvi SA, Naseer M, Kazi A, Pethani A, Naeem I, Zainab S, et al. Implementing a public-private mix model for tuberculosis treatment in urban Pakistan: lessons and experiences. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2012;16(6):817–21.PubMed
  19.Mahendradhata Y. The case for stronger regulation of private practitioners to control tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:600.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  20.Akhtar A. Health care regulation in low-and middle-income countries: a review of the literature. Melbourne; 2011.
  21.MS Burkina Faso. Annuaire Statistique 2012. In: Direction générale de l’information et des statistiques sanitaires, editor. Ouagadougou; 2013.
  22.MS Burkina Faso. La santé d’après les enquêtes statistiques nationales: Une synthèse des résultats disponibles depuis l’indépendance du Burkina Faso. In: Direction générale de l’information et des statistiques sanitaires, editor. Ouagadougou; 2010e.
  23.MS Burkina Faso. Annuaire statistique 2011. In: Direction générale de l’information et des statistiques sanitaires, editor. Ouagdougou; 2012.
  24.MS Burkina Faso. Bulletin d’épidémiologie et d’information sanitaire. In: Direction générale des études et des statistiques sectorielles, editor, vol. 19ème. Ouagadougou; 2014.
  25.Howard DH, Roy K. Private care and public health: do vaccination and prenatal care rates differ between users of private versus public sector care in India? Health Serv Res. 2004;39(6):2013–26.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  26.World bank. Out-of-pocket health expenditure. In: World bank; 2015. Accessed 06 Nov 2015. http://​data.​worldbank.​org/​indicator/​SH.​XPD.​OOPC.​ZS .
  27.MS Burkina Faso. Comptes Nationaux de la Santé et Sous comptes Paludisme, Tuberculose et VIH/Sida. In: Direction générale de l’information et des statistiques sanitaires, editor. Ouagadougou: Ministère de la santé; 2011.
  28.MS Burkina Faso. Comptes Nationaux de la Santé: comptes globaux et Sous comptes Paludisme, Tuberculose et VIH/Sida. In: Direction générale de l’information et des statistiques sanitaires, editor. Ouagadougou: Ministère de la santé; 2013.
  29.Rutebemberwa E, Pariyo G, Peterson S, Tomson G, Kallander K. Utilization of public or private health care providers by febrile children after user fee removal in Uganda. Malar J. 2009;8(45):1–9.
  30.Konde-Lule J, Gitta SN, Lindfors A, Okuonzi S, Onama VO, Forsberg BC. Private and public health care in rural areas of Uganda. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2010;10:29.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  31.Meremikwu M, Okomo U, Nwachukwu C, Oyo-Ita A, Eke-Njoku J, Okebe J, et al. Antimalarial drug prescribing practice in private and public health facilities in South-east Nigeria: a descriptive study. Malar J. 2007;6:55.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  32.Nuwaha F. Determinants of choosing public or private health care among patients with sexually transmitted infections in Uganda. Sex Transm Dis. 2006;33(7):422–7.PubMed CrossRef
  33.Matthews Z, Channon A, Neal S, Osrin D, Madise N, Stones W. Examining the ‘‘urban advantage’’ in maternal health. PLoS Med. 2010;7(9):1–7.CrossRef
  34.MS Burkina Faso. Repertoire 2010 des établissements privés de soins du Burkina. In: Direction générale de l’information et des statistiques sanitaires, editor. Ouagadougou; 2011. p. 162.
  35.MS Burkina Faso. Document d’analyse de la cartographie de l’offre des soins de la région du Centre. Document d’analyse. In: Direction générale de l’information et des statistiques sanitaires, editor. Ouagadougou: Ministère de la santé; 2010.
  36.Benett S, Woods T, Liyanage WM, Smith DL. A simplified general method for cluster-sample surveys of health in developing countries. World Health Stat Q. 1991;44(3):98–106.
  37.Beogo I, Liu CY, Chou YJ, Chen CY, Huang N. Health-care-seeking patterns in the emerging private sector in Burkina Faso: a population-based study of urban adult residents in Ouagadougou. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e97521.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  38.Habtoma GK, Ruys P. The choice of a health care provider in Eritrea. Health Policy. 2007;80(1):202–17.CrossRef
  39.Janjua NZ, Khan MI, Usman HR, Azam I, Khalil M, Ahmad K. Pattern of health care utilization and determinants of care-seeking from GPs in 2 districts of Pakistan. SouthEast Asia J Trop Med Public Health. 2006;37(6):1242–53.
  40.Amaghionyeodiwe LA. Determinants of the choice of health care provider in Nigeria. Health Care Manag Sci. 2007;11(3):215–27.CrossRef
  41.Tipke M, Louis VR, Ye M, De Allegri M, Beiersmann C, Sie A, et al. Access to malaria treatment in young children of rural Burkina Faso. Malar J. 2009;8:266.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  42.Su TT, Kouyaté B, Flessa S. Catastrophic household expenditure for health care in a low income society: a study from Nouna District, Burkina Faso. Bull World Health Organ. 2006;84(1):21–7.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  43.Ha NTH, Berman P, Larsen U. Household utilization and expenditure on private and public health services in Vietnam. Health Policy Plan. 2002;17(1):61–70.PubMed CrossRef
  44.Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. Cours des devises contre Franc CFA à appliquer aux transferts. In. Dakar: BCEAO; 2011. Accessed 02 Feb 2013. http://​www.​bceao.​int/​-Cours-des-devises-contre-Franc-CFA-.​html .
  45.Hanley JA, Negassa A, Edwardes MD, Forrester JE. Statistical analysis of correlated data using generalized estimating equations: an orientation. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157(4):364–75.PubMed CrossRef
  46.INSD Burkina Faso. Annuaire statistique 2012. In: Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie, editor. Ouagadougou: Ministère de l’economie et des finances; 2013.
  47.Thuan NT, Lofgren C, Lindholm L, Chuc NT. Choice of healthcare provider following reform in Vietnam. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:162.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  48.Nabyonga Orem J, Mugisha F, Okui AP, Musango L, Kirigia JM. Health care seeking patterns and determinants of out-of-pocket expenditure for malaria for the children under-five in Uganda. Malar J. 2013;12:175.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  49.Ozawa S, Walker DG. Comparison of trust in public vs private health care providers in rural Cambodia. Health Policy Plan. 2011;26(Suppl 1):i20–9.PubMed CrossRef
  50.Russell S. Treatment-seeking behaviour in urban Sri Lanka: trusting the state, trusting private providers. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61:1396–407.PubMed CrossRef
  51.Ergler CR, Sakdapolrak P, Bohle HG, Kearns RA. Entitlements to health care: why is there a preference for private facilities among poorer residents of Chennai, India? Soc Sci Med. 2011;72(3):327–37.PubMed CrossRef
  52.Smith S, Newhouse JP, Freeland MS. Income, insurance, and technology: why does health spending outpace economic growth? Health Aff. 2009;28(5):1276–84.CrossRef
  53.Bryant J, Prohmmo A. Payment mechanisms and prescriptions in four Thai hospitals. Health Policy. 2005;73(2):160–71.PubMed CrossRef
  54.Perlman F, Balabanova D, McKee M. An analysis of trends and determinants of health insurance and healthcare utilisation in the Russian population between 2000 and 2004: the ‘inverse care law’ in action. BMC Health Serv Res. 2009;9:68.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  55.Chuma JM, Thiede M, Molyneux CS. Rethinking the economic costs of malaria at the household level: evidence from applying a new analytical framework in rural Kenya. Malar J. 2006;5:76.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  56.Gauthier B, Wane W. Bypassing health providers: the quest for better price and quality of health care in Chad. Soc Sci Med. 2011;73(4):540–9.PubMed CrossRef
  57.Ewelukwa O, Onoka C, Onwujekwe O. Viewing health expenditures, payment and coping mechanisms with an equity lens in Nigeria. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:87.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  58.Tediosi F, Aye R, Ibodova S, Thompson R, Wyss K. Access to medicines and out of pocket payments for primary care: evidence from family medicine users in rural Tajikistan. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:109.PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
  59.Saksena P, Xu K, Elovainio R, Perrot J. Health services utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure at public and private facilities in low-income countries. In: World Health Report, vol. 20. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. p. 20.
  60.Steinhardt LC, Waters H, Rao KD, Naeem AJ, Hansen P, Peters DH. The effect of wealth status on care seeking and health expenditures in Afghanistan. Health Policy Plan. 2008;24(1):1–17.PubMed CrossRef
  61.Pokhrel S. Determinants of parental reports of children’s illnesses: empirical evidence from Nepal. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(6):1106–17.PubMed CrossRef
  62.Rous JJ, Hotchkiss DR. Estimation of the determinants of household health care expenditures in Nepal with controls for endogenous illness and provider choice. Health Econ. 2003;12(6):431–51.PubMed CrossRef
  63.Filmer D. Fever and its treatment among the more and less poor in sub-Saharan Africa. Health Policy Plan. 2005;20(6):337–46.PubMed CrossRef
  64.Heijink R, Xu K, Saksena P, Evans D. Validity and comparability of out-of-pocket health expenditure from household surveys—a review of the literature and current survey instruments In: discussion paper, vol. 1. Geneva: World Health Organization 2011; p. 28.
  
• 作者单位：Idrissa Beogo (1) (2)
  Nicole Huang (3)
  Marie-Pierre Gagnon (2)
  Djesika D. Amendah (4)
  
  1. École Nationale de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
  2. Faculté Des Sciences Infirmières, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
  3. International Health Program, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec 2, Linong St, 112, Taipei, Taiwan
  4. African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, 2nd Flore Manga Close, Off Kiwara Road, PO Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
  
• 刊物主题：Biomedicine general; Medicine/Public Health, general; Life Sciences, general;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1756-0500

文摘

Background Conventional wisdom suggests that out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure reduces healthcare utilization. However, little is known about the expenditure borne in urban settings with the current development of the private health sector in sub-Saharan Africa. In an effort to update knowledge on medical expenditure, this study investigated the level and determinants of OOP among individuals reporting illness or injury in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and who either self-treated or received healthcare in either a private or public facility.