Potential Species Replacements for Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) at the Confluence of Two Threats: Emerald Ash Borer and a Changing Climate

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• 作者：Louis Iverson ; Kathleen S. Knight ; Anantha Prasad ; Daniel A. Herms…
• 关键词：assisted range expansion ; invasive insect spread model ; climate change ; emerald ash borer ; multiple forest threats ; restoration ; species distribution models
• 刊名：Ecosystems
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：19
• 期：2
• 页码：248-270
• 全文大小：7,500 KB
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• 作者单位：Louis Iverson (1)
  Kathleen S. Knight (1)
  Anantha Prasad (1)
  Daniel A. Herms (2)
  Stephen Matthews (1) (3)
  Matthew Peters (1)
  Annemarie Smith (4)
  Diane M. Hartzler (2)
  Robert Long (5)
  John Almendinger (6)
  
  1. Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Road, Delaware, Ohio, 43015, USA
  2. Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, USA
  3. School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
  4. US Green Building Council, Central Ohio Chapter, Columbus, Ohio, 43214, USA
  5. Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Irvine, Pennsylvania, 16329, USA
  6. Division of Forestry, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 483 Peterson Road, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, 55744, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Ecology
  Plant Sciences
  Zoology
  Environmental Management
  Geoecology and Natural Processes
  Nature Conservation
  
• 出版者：Springer New York
• ISSN：1435-0629

文摘

The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis; EAB) is causing widespread mortality of ash (Fraxinus spp.) and climate change is altering habitats of tree species throughout large portions of North America. Black ash (F. nigra), a moist-soil species common in the Northwoods of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, USA, is under a double threat of losing habitat from climate change and near annihilation from EAB. Because black ash often occurs in nearly pure stands, planting non-ash species is a management strategy already underway or being planned for thousands of acres. Tools are needed to assist managers in prioritizing sites for early treatment and to select potential species to replace black ash. This study explores the implications of threats to black ash ecosystems using analyses of field data and models to assess both the threats to, and potential replacement species for, black ash in Minnesota. For our analysis we (1) assessed the status of ashes and co-occurring species in forest inventory plots throughout Minnesota; (2) modeled the risk of EAB attack for multiple years in Minnesota; (3) modeled potential impacts of climate change on tree species with current or potential future habitat in Minnesota; (4) evaluated species co-occurring with black ash in plots in Ohio and Michigan, southeast of Minnesota; and (5) synthesized these results to provide a classification for candidate replacement species, both from within Minnesota and from points farther south. Though this process is demonstrated for black ash in Minnesota, the elements to be considered and modeled would be similar for any other location with a pest or pathogen threat for a species which simultaneously faces a changing climate.