Long-term doubling of litter inputs accelerates soil organic matter degradation and reduces soil carbon stocks

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Oliva Pisani ; Lisa H. Lin ; Olivia O. Y. Lun ; Kate Lajtha…
• 关键词：Detrital input and removal treatment ; Organic matter biomarkers ; Lipids ; Lignin ; Cutin ; Suberin ; Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) ; Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
• 刊名：Biogeochemistry
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：127
• 期：1
• 页码：1-14
• 全文大小：722 KB
• 参考文献：Baldock JA, Preston CM (1995) Chemistry of carbon decomposition processes in forests as revealed by solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. In: McFee WW, Kelly JM (eds) Carbon forms and functions in forest soils. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, pp 89–117
  Baldock JA, Oades JM, Waters AG, Peng X, Vassallo AM, Wilson MA (1992) Aspects of the chemical structure of soil organic materials as revealed by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. Biogeochemistry 16:1–42CrossRef
  Bianchi G (1995) Plant waxes. In: Hamilton RJ (ed) Waxes: chemistry, molecular biology and functions. The Oily Press, Dundee, pp 175–222
  Bonan GB (2008) Forests and climate change: Forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests. Science 320:1444–1449CrossRef
  Boone RD, Nadelhoffer KJ, Canary JD, Kaye JP (1998) Roots exert a strong influence on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. Nature 396:570–572CrossRef
  Bossio DA, Scow KM (1998) Impacts of carbon and flooding on soil microbial communities: Phospholipid fatty acid profiles and substrate utilization patterns. Microb Ecol 35:265–278CrossRef
  Bowden RD, Nadelhoffer KJ, Boone RD, Melillo JM, Garrison JB (1993) Contributions of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and root respiration to total soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest. Can J For Res 23:1402–1407CrossRef
  Bowden RD, Deem L, Plante AF, Peltre C, Nadelhoffer K, Lajtha K (2014) Litter input controls on soil carbon in a temperate deciduous forest. Soil Sci Soc Am J 78:S66–S75CrossRef
  Brant JB, Myrold DD, Sulzman EW (2006) Root controls on soil microbial community structure in forest soils. Oecologia 148:650–659CrossRef
  Clemente JS, Gregorich EG, Simpson AJ, Kumar R, Courtier-Murias D, Simpson MJ (2012) Comparison of NMR methods for the analysis of organic matter composition from soil density and particle fractions. Environ Chem 9:97–107CrossRef
  Cotrufo MF, Wallenstein MD, Boot CM, Denef K, Paul E (2013) The microbial efficiency-matrix stabilization (MEMS) framework integrates plant litter decomposition with soil organic matter stabilization: Do labile plant inputs form stable soil organic matter? Glob Chang Biol 19:988–995CrossRef
  Crow SE, Lajtha K, Bowden RD, Yano Y, Brant JB, Caldwell BA, Sulzman EW (2009a) Increased coniferous needle inputs accelerate decomposition of soil carbon in an old-growth forest. For Ecol Manag 258:2224–2232CrossRef
  Crow SE, Lajtha K, Filley TR, Swanston CW, Bowden RD, Caldwell BA (2009b) Sources of plant-derived carbon and stability of organic matter in soil: implications for global change. Glob Chang Biol 15:2003–2019CrossRef
  Feng X, Simpson MJ (2009) Temperature and substrate controls on microbial phospholipid fatty acid composition during incubation of grassland soils contrasting in organic matter quality. Soil Biol Biochem 41:804–812CrossRef
  Feng X, Simpson MJ (2011) Molecular-level methods for monitoring soil organic matter responses to global climate change. J Environ Monit 13:1246–1254CrossRef
  Feng X, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ (2005) Chemical and mineralogical controls on humic acid sorption to clay mineral surfaces. Org Geochem 36:1553–1566CrossRef
  Feng X, Simpson AJ, Wilson KP, Dudley Williams D, Simpson MJ (2008) Increased cuticular carbon sequestration and lignin oxidation in response to soil warming. Nat Geosci 1:836–839CrossRef
  Frostegård A, Bååth E (1996) The use of phospholipid fatty acid analysis to estimate bacterial and fungal biomass in soil. Biol Fertil Soils 22:59–65CrossRef
  Gaudinski JB, Trubmore SE, Davidson EA, Cook AC, Markewitz D, Richter DD (2001) The age of fine-root carbon in three forests of the easter United States measured by radiocarbon. Oecologia 129:420–429CrossRef
  Hedges JI, Mann DC (1979) The characterization of plant tissues by their lignin oxidation products. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43:1803–1807CrossRef
  Hopkins FM, Torn MS, Trumbore SE (2012) Warming accelerates decomposition of decades-old carbon in forest soils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:E1753–E1761CrossRef
  Kieft TL, Ringelberg DB, White DC (1994) Changes in ester-linked phospholipid fatty acid profiles of subsurface bacteria during starvation and desiccation in a porous medium. Appl Environ Microbiol 60:3292–3299
  King AW, Post WM, Wullschleger SD (1997) The potential response of terrestrial carbon storage to changes in climate and atmospheric CO2. Clim Chang 35:199–227CrossRef
  Kögel-Knabner I (2002) The macromolecular organic composition of Plant and microbial residues as inputs to soil organic matter. Soil Biol Biochem 34:139–162CrossRef
  Kolattukudy PE (1980) Biopolyester membranes of plants: cutin and suberin. Science 208:990–1000CrossRef
  Kuzyakov Y (2002) Review: factors affecting rhizosphere priming effects. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 165:382–396CrossRef
  Lajtha K, Bowden RD, Nadelhoffer K (2014) Litter and root manipulations provide insights into soil organic matter dynamics and stability. Soil Sci Soc Am J 78:S261–S269CrossRef
  Leff JW, Wieder WR, Taylor PG, Townsend AR, Nemergut DR, Grandy AS, Cleveland CC (2012) Experimental litterfall manipulation drives large and rapid changes in soil carbon cycling in a wet tropical forest. Glob Chang Biol 18:2969–2979CrossRef
  Liang C, Cheng G, Wixon DL, Balser TC (2011) An absorbing Markov Chain approach to understanding the microbial role in soil carbon stabilization. Biogeochemistry 106:303–309CrossRef
  Lichtfouse É, Berthier G, Houot S, Barriuso E, Bergheaud V, Vallaeys T (1995) Stable carbon isotope evidence for the microbial origin of C14-C18 n-alkanoic acids in soils. Org Geochem 23:849–852CrossRef
  Litton CM, Giardina CP (2008) Below-ground carbon flux and partitioning: global patterns and response to temperature. Funct Ecol 22:941–954CrossRef
  Lorenz K, Lal R, Preston CM, Nierop KGJ (2007) Strengthening the soil organic carbon pool by increasing contributions from recalcitrant aliphatic bio(macro)molecules. Geoderma 142:1–10CrossRef
  McCarthy AJ, Williams ST (1992) Actinomycetes as agents of biodegradation in the environment—a review. Gene 115:189–192CrossRef
  Melillo JM, McGuire AD, Kicklighter DW, Moore B, Vorosmarty CJ, Schloss AL (1993) Global climate change and terrestrial net primary production. Nature 363:234–240CrossRef
  Nadelhoffer KJ, Boone RD, Bowden RD, Canary JD, Kaye J, Micks P, Ricca A, McDowell WH, Aitkenhead J (2004) The DIRT experiment: litter and root influences on forest soil organic matter stocks and function. In: Foster DR, Aber JD (eds) Forests in time: the environmental consequences of 1000 years of change in New England. Yale University Press, New Haven, pp 300–315
  Nielsen GA, Hole FD (1963) A study of the natural processes of incorporation of organic matter into soil in the University of Wisconsin arboretum. Wis Acadmic Rev 52:213–227
  Norby RJ, DeLucia EH, Gielen B, Calfapietra C, Giardina CP, Kings JS, Ledford J, McCarthy HR, Moore DJP, Ceulemans R, De Angelis P, Finzi AC, Karnosky DF, Kubiske ME, Lukac M, Pregitzer KS, Scarascia-Mugnozza GE, Schlesinger WH, Oren R (2005) Forest response to elevated CO2 is conserved across a broad range of productivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:18052–18056CrossRef
  Otto A, Simpson MJ (2006a) Evaluation of CuO oxidation parameters for determining the source and stage of lignin degradation in soil. Biogeochemistry 80:121–142CrossRef
  Otto A, Simpson MJ (2006b) Sources and composition of hydrolysable aliphatic lipids and phenols in soils from western Canada. Org Geochem 37:385–407CrossRef
  Otto A, Simpson MJ (2007) Analysis of soil organic matter biomarkers by sequential chemical degradation and gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 30:272–282CrossRef
  Otto A, Wilde V (2001) Sesqui-, di-, and triterpenoids as chemosystematic markers in Extant conifers—a review. Bot Rev 67:141–238CrossRef
  Pisani O, Frey SD, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ (2015) Soil warming and nitrogen deposition alter soil organic matter composition at the molecular-level. Biogeochemistry 123:391–409CrossRef
  Rasse DP, Rumpel C, Dignac MF (2005) Is soil carbon mostly root carbon? Mechanisms for a specific stabilisation. Plant Soil 269:341–356CrossRef
  Riederer M, Matzke K, Ziegler F, Kögel-Knabner I (1993) Occurrence, distribution and fate of the lipid plant biopolymers cutin and suberin in temperate forest soils. Org Geochem 20:1063–1076CrossRef
  Ruzicka S, Edgerton D, Norman M, Hill T (2000) The utility of ergosterol as a bioindicator of fungi in temperate soils. Soil Biol Biochem 32:989–1005CrossRef
  Sah SP, Jungner H, Oinonen M, Kukkola M, Helmisaari H-S (2010) Does the age of fine root carbon indicate the age of fine roots in boreal forests? Biogeochemistry 104:91–102CrossRef
  Sayer EJ, Heard MS, Grant HK, Marthews TR, Tanner EVJ (2011) Soil carbon release enhanced by increased tropical forest litterfall. Nat Clim Chang 1:304–307CrossRef
  Schmidt MWI, Torn MS, Abiven S, Dittmar T, Guggenberger G, Janssens IA, Kleber M, Kögel-Knabner I, Lehmann J, Manning DAC, Nannipieri P, Rasse DP, Weiner S, Trumbore SE (2011) Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property. Nature 478(7367):49–56CrossRef
  Simoneit BRT (2005) A review of current applications of mass spectrometry for biomarker/molecular tracer elucidations. Mass Spectrom Rev 24(5):719–765CrossRef
  Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ (2012) The chemical ecology of soil organic matter molecular constituents. J Chem Ecol 38(6):768–784CrossRef
  Simpson AJ, Lefebvre B, Moser A, Williams A, Larin N, Kvasha M, Kingery WL, Kelleher B (2004) Identifying residues in natural organic matter through spectral prediction and pattern matching of 2D NMR datasets. Magn Reson Chem 42(1):14–22CrossRef
  Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ, Smith E, Kelleher BP (2007) Microbially derived inputs to soil organic matter: are current estimates too low? Environ Sci Technol 41(23):8070–8076CrossRef
  Sollins P, Kramer MG, Swanston C, Lajtha K, Filley T, Aufdenkampe AK, Wagai R, Bowden RD (2009) Sequential density fractionation across soils of contrasting mineralogy: evidence for both microbial- and mineral-controlled soil organic matter stabilization. Biogeochemistry 96(1):209–231CrossRef
  Solly E, Schöning I, Boch S, Mϋller J, Socher SA, Trumbore SE, Schrumpf M (2013) Mean age of carbon in fine roots from temperate forests and grasslands with different management. Biogeosciences 10:4833–4843CrossRef
  Sulzman EW, Brant JB, Bowden RD, Lajtha K (2005) Contribution of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and rhizosphere respiration to total soil CO2 efflux in an old growth coniferous forest. Biogeochemistry 73:231–256CrossRef
  Thevenot M, Dignac MF, Rumpel C (2010) Fate of lignins in soils: a review. Soil Biol Biochem 42:1200–1211CrossRef
  Vargas R, Trubmore SE, Allen MF (2009) Evidence of old carbon used to grow new fine roots in a tropical forest. New Phytol 182:710–718CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Oliva Pisani (1)
  Lisa H. Lin (1)
  Olivia O. Y. Lun (1)
  Kate Lajtha (2)
  Knute J. Nadelhoffer (3)
  André J. Simpson (1)
  Myrna J. Simpson (1)
  
  1. Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
  2. Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
  3. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geochemistry
  Biochemistry
  Soil Science and Conservation
  Terrestrial Pollution
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-515X

文摘

Soil organic matter (SOM) constitutes more than two-thirds of terrestrial carbon stocks yet there are many uncertainties about the fate of soil carbon reserves with global environmental change. Moisture, altered nutrient cycles, species shifts, growing season length or rising temperatures may alter forest primary productivity and the proportions of above and belowground biomass entering soil. We investigated SOM composition using molecular-level techniques after 20 years of detrital input and removal treatment (DIRT) at the Harvard Forest. SOM biomarkers (solvent extraction, base hydrolysis and cupric(II) oxide oxidation) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to quantify changes in SOM composition and microbial activity and community composition was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Doubling aboveground litter inputs decreased soil carbon content, increased the degradation of labile SOM and enhanced the sequestration of aliphatic compounds in soil. The exclusion of belowground inputs resulted in a decrease in root-derived components and enhanced the degradation of stable SOM components such as leaf-derived aliphatic structures (cutin). The DIRT manipulations resulted in soil microbial community shifts that were attributed to the accelerated processing of specific SOM components. These results collectively reveal that a detailed molecular-level characterization of SOM can provide information on SOM compositional changes and transformations after 20 years of input manipulation in a temperate forest. Keywords Detrital input and removal treatment Organic matter biomarkers Lipids Lignin Cutin Suberin Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)