Retention and mitigation of metals in sediment, soil, water, and plant of a newly constructed root-channel wetland (China) from slightly polluted source water

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• 作者：Baoling Wang ; Yu Wang ; Weidong Wang
• 关键词：Pond ; wetland complexes ; Root ; channel zone ; Plant ; bed/ditch system ; Heavy metal ; Enrichment factor ; Potential ecological risk ; Mass balance
• 刊名：SpringerPlus
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：December 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：3
• 期：1
• 全文大小：2842KB
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• 作者单位：Baoling Wang (8) (9)
  Yu Wang (8) (9)
  Weidong Wang (8)
  
  8. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
  9. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
  
• 刊物类别：Science, general;
• 刊物主题：Science, general;
• 出版者：Springer International Publishing
• ISSN：2193-1801

文摘

Constructed root-channel wetland (CRCW) is a term for pre-pond/wetland/post-pond complexes, where the wetland includes plant-bed/ditch landscape and root-channel structure. Source water out of pre-ponds flows through alternate small ditches and plant beds with root-channels via a big ditch under hydraulic regulation. Then source water flows into post-ponds to finish final polishing. This article aims to explore the potential of components of a pilot CRCW in China on mitigating metals in micro-polluted source water during its initial operation stage. We investigated six heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb) in surface sediment, plant-bed subsurface soil, water, and aquatic plants during 2012鈥?013. Monitoring results showed that pond/ditch sediments and plant-bed soil retained a significant amount of Cr, Ni, and Zn with 93.1%, 72.4%, and 57.5% samples showing contamination factor above limit 1 respectively. Remarkably the high values of metal enrichment factor (EF) occurred in root-channel zones. Water monitoring results indicated that Ni, Zn, and Pb were removed by 78.5% (66.7%), 57.6% (59.6%), and 26.0% (7.5%) in east (west) wetland respectively. Mass balance estimation revealed that heavy metal mass in the pond/ditch sediments accounted for 63.30% and that in plant-bed soil 36.67%, while plant uptake occupied only 0.03%. The heavy metal accretion flux in sediments was 0.41鈥?鈥?11.08 渭g鈥壜封€塩m-2鈥壜封€塧-1, less than that in plant-bed soil (0.73鈥?鈥?43.94 渭g鈥壜封€塩m-2鈥壜封€塧-1). The 1.83 ha wetland has retained about 86.18 kg total heavy metals within 494 days after operation. This pilot case study proves that constructed root-channel wetland can reduce the potential ecological risk of purified raw water and provide a new and effective method for the removal of heavy metals from drinking water sources. Keywords Pond-wetland complexes Root-channel zone Plant-bed/ditch system Heavy metal Enrichment factor Potential ecological risk Mass balance