Modeling vertical coral connectivity and mesophotic refugia

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• 作者：Daniel M. Holstein ; Claire B. Paris ; Ana C. Vaz ; Tyler B. Smith
• 关键词：Mesophotic coral ecosystems ; Ecological modeling ; Population connectivity ; Refugia ; Coral reef resilience
• 刊名：Coral Reefs
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：35
• 期：1
• 页码：23-37
• 全文大小：2,228 KB
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• 作者单位：Daniel M. Holstein (1) (2)
  Claire B. Paris (3)
  Ana C. Vaz (3)
  Tyler B. Smith (2)
  
  1. Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
  2. Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, VI, 00802-9990, USA
  3. Department of Ocean Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Oceanography
  Geology
  Sedimentology
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-0975

文摘

Whether mesophotic reefs will behave as refugia for corals threatened by global climate change and coastal development depends on vertical exchange of larvae between diverse habitats. Here we use a biophysical model of larval dispersal to estimate vertical connectivity of a broadcasting (Orbicella faveolata) and a brooding (Porites astreoides) species of coral in the US Virgin Islands. Modeling predicts subsidy to shallow areas by mesophotic larvae of both species based on local hydrology, adult reproductive characteristics, larval traits, and a wide range of scenarios developed to test depth-sensitive factors, such as fertilization rates and post-settlement survivorship. In extreme model scenarios of reduced fertilization and post-settlement survivorship of mesophotic larvae, 1–10 % local mesophotic subsidy to shallow recruitment is predicted for both species, which are demographically significant. Although direct vertical connectivity is higher for the broadcaster, the brooder demonstrates higher local multigenerational vertical connectivity, which suggests that local P. astreoides populations are more resilient than those of O. faveolata, and corroborates field studies. As shallow habitat degrades, mesophotic–shallow subsidy is predicted to increase for both species. This study is the first of its kind to simulate larval dispersal and settlement between habitats of different depths, and these findings have local, regional, and global implications for predicting and managing coral reef persistence in a changing climate.