Uh, Um, and Autism: Filler Disfluencies as Pragmatic Markers in Adolescents with Optimal Outcomes from Autism Spectrum Disorder

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Christina A. Irvine ; Inge-Marie Eigsti…
• 关键词：Autism ; Optimal outcomes ; Pragmatics ; Discourse ; Disfluency ; Fillers
• 刊名：Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：46
• 期：3
• 页码：1061-1070
• 全文大小：685 KB
• 参考文献：American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV-TR (IV-TR Ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  Arnold, J. E., Fagnano, M., & Tanenhaus, M. K. (2003). Disfluencies signal theee, um, new information. Journal Psycholinguistic Research, 32(1), 25–36.CrossRef PubMed
  Arnold, J. E., Hudson Kam, C. L., & Tanenhaus, M. K. (2007). If you say thee uh you are describing something hard: The on-line attribution of disfluency during reference comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(5), 914–930. doi:10.​1037/​0278-7393.​33.​5.​914 .CrossRef PubMed
  Arnold, J. E., Tanenhaus, M. K., Altmann, R. J., & Fagnano, M. (2004). The old and thee, uh, new: Disfluency and reference resolution. Psychological Science, 15(9), 578–582.CrossRef PubMed
  Barr, D. J., & Seyfeddinipur, M. (2010). The role of fillers in listener attributions for speaker disfluency. Language and Cognitive Processes, 25(4), 441–455. doi:10.​1080/​0169096090304712​2 .CrossRef
  Bortfeld, H., Leon, S. D., Bloom, J. E., Schober, M. F., & Brennan, S. E. (2001). Disfluency rates in conversation: Effects of age, relationship, topic, role, and gender. Language and Speech, 44(2), 123–147.CrossRef PubMed
  Brennan, S. E., & Williams, M. (1995). The feeling of another’s knowing: Prosody and filled pauses as cues to listeners about the metacognitive states of speakers. Journal of Memory and Language, 34, 383–398.CrossRef
  Clark, H. H., & Fox Tree, J. (2002). Using uh and um in spontaneous speaking. Cognition, 84(1), 73–111.CrossRef PubMed
  Colle, L., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., & van der Lely, H. K. (2008). Narrative discourse in adults with high-functioning autism or Asperger syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(1), 28–40. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-007-0357-5 .CrossRef PubMed
  Delis, D. C., Kaplan, E., & Kramer, J. H. (2001). Delis–Kaplan executive function system (D–KEFS) examiner’s manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
  Dennis, M., Francis, D. J., Cirino, P. T., Schachar, R., Barnes, M. A., & Fletcher, J. M. (2009). Why IQ is not a covariate in cognitive studies of neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15, 1–13.CrossRef
  Engelhardt, P. E., Ferreira, F., & Nigg, J. T. (2011). Language production strategies and disfluencies in multi-clause network descriptions: A study of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychology, 25(4), 442–453. doi:10.​1037/​a0022436 .CrossRef PubMed
  Engelhardt, P. E., Nigg, J. T., & Ferreira, F. (2013). Is the fluency of language outputs related to individual differences in intelligence and executive function? Acta Psychologica, 144(2), 424–432. doi:10.​1016/​j.​actpsy.​2013.​08.​002 .PubMedCentral CrossRef PubMed
  Fein, D., Barton, M., Eigsti, I. M., Kelley, E., Naigles, L., Schultz, R. T., & Tyson, K. (2013). Optimal outcome in individuals with a history of autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(2), 195–205.PubMedCentral CrossRef PubMed
  Fitch, A., Fein, D. A., & Eigsti, I. M. (2015). Detail and gestalt focus in individuals with optimal outcomes from autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(6), 1887–1896. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-014-2347-8 .CrossRef PubMed
  Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2000). Behavior rating inventory of executive function. Child Neuropsychology, 6(3), 235–238.CrossRef PubMed
  Goodwin, M. H., & Goodwin, C. (1986). Gesture and coparticipation in the activity of searching for a word. Semiotica: Journal of the International Association for Semiotic Studies/Revue de l’ Association Internationale de Sémiotique, 62(1–2), 51–75.
  Griffin, Z., & Spieler, D. (2006). Observing the what and when of language production for different age groups by monitoring speakers’ eye movements. Brain and Language, 99(3), 272–288.CrossRef PubMed
  Helt, M., Kelley, E., Kinsbourne, M., Pandey, J., Boorstein, H., Herbert, M., & Fein, D. (2008). Can children with autism recover? If so, how? Neuropsychology Reviews, 18(4), 339–366. doi:10.​1007/​s11065-008-9075-9 .CrossRef
  Huettig, F., Rommers, J., & Meyer, A. S. (2011). Using the visual world paradigm to study language processing: A review and critical evaluation. Acta Psychologica, 137(2), 151–171. doi:10.​1016/​j.​actpsy.​2010.​11.​003 .CrossRef PubMed
  Kelley, E., Naigles, L., & Fein, D. (2010). An in-depth examination of optimal outcome children with a history of autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4, 526–538.CrossRef
  Kelley, E., Paul, J. J., Fein, D., & Naigles, L. R. (2006). Residual language deficits in optimal outcome children with a history of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(6), 807–828.CrossRef PubMed
  Kidd, C., White, K. S., & Aslin, R. N. (2011). Toddlers use speech disfluencies to predict speakers’ referential intentions. Developmental Science, 14(4), 925–934.PubMedCentral CrossRef PubMed
  Lai, C., Gorman, K., Yuan, J., & Liberman, M. (2007). Perception of disfluency: Language differences and listener bias. Paper presented at the annual conference of the international speech communication association, Antwerp, Belgium.
  Lake, J. K., Humphreys, K. R., & Cardy, S. (2011). Listener vs. speaker-oriented aspects of speech: Studying the disfluencies of individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 18(1), 135–140.CrossRef PubMed
  Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P. C., & Risi, S. (2002). Autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
  Maclay, H., & Osgood, C. E. (1959). Hesitation phenomena in spontaneous English speech. Word-Journal of the International Linguistic Association, 15(1), 19–44.
  Mesibov, G. (1992). Treatment issues with high-functioning adolescents and adults with autism. In E. Schopler & G. Mesibov (Eds.), High-functioning individuals with autism (pp. 143–156). New York: Plenum Press.CrossRef
  Oviatt, S. L. (1995). Predicting spoken disfluencies during human–computer interaction. Computer Speech and Language, 9(1), 19–35.CrossRef
  Paul, R., Orlovski, S. M., Marcinko, H. C., & Volkmar, F. (2009). Conversational behaviors in youth with high-functioning ASD and Asperger syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(1), 115–125.PubMedCentral CrossRef PubMed
  Paul, R., Shriberg, L., McSweeney, J., Cicchetti, D., Klin, A., & Volkmar, F. (2005). Relations between prosodic performance and communication and socialization ratings in high functioning speakers with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(6), 861–869.CrossRef PubMed
  Plexico, L. W., Cleary, J. E., McAlpine, A., & Plumb, A. M. (2010). Disfluency characteristics observed in young children with autism spectrum disorders: A preliminary report. SIG 4 Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders, 20(2), 42–50.CrossRef
  Rutter, M., Bailey, A., & Lord, C. (2003). The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
  Schachter, S., Christenfeld, N., & Ravina, B. (1991). Speech disfluency and the structure of knowledge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(3), 362–367.CrossRef
  Semel, E., Wiig, E. H., & Secord, W. A. (2003). Clinical evaluation of language fundamentals (4th ed.). San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment Inc.
  Shriberg, E. E. (1994). Preliminaries to a theory of speech disfluencies. Oakland: University of California.
  Shriberg, L. D., Paul, R., Black, L. M., & van Santen, J. P. (2011). The hypothesis of apraxia of speech in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(4), 405–426.PubMedCentral CrossRef PubMed
  Shriberg, L. D., Paul, R., McSweeny, J. L., Klin, A. M., Cohen, D. J., & Volkmar, F. R. (2001). Speech and prosody characteristics of adolescents and adults with high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44(5), 1097–1115.CrossRef PubMed
  Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86(2), 420.CrossRef PubMed
  Smith, V. L., & Clark, H. H. (1993). On the course of answering questions. Journal of Memory and Language, 32, 25–38.CrossRef
  Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., & Balla, D. A. (2005). Vineland adaptive behavior scales, Second Edition (Vineland-II). Circle Pines, MN: AGS Publishing.
  Suh, J., Eigsti, I. M., Naigles, L., Barton, M., Kelley, E., & Fein, D. (2014). Narrative performance of optimal outcome children and adolescents with a history of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 6, 6.
  Wechsler, D. (1999). Manual for the wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence (1st ed.). New York: Pearson Psychological Corporation.
  
• 作者单位：Christina A. Irvine (1)
  Inge-Marie Eigsti (1)
  Deborah A. Fein (1) (2)
  
  1. Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Behavioral Science
• 刊物主题：Psychology
  Child and School Psychology
  Pediatrics
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-3432

文摘

Filler disfluencies—uh and um—are thought to serve distinct discourse functions. We examined fillers in spontaneous speech by youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who struggle with pragmatic language, and by youth with ASD who have achieved an ‘optimal outcome’ (OO), as well as in peers with typical development (TD). While uh rates did not differ, participants with ASD produced um less frequently than OO or TD groups. Um rate was associated with autism symptom severity, but not executive function or language abilities, suggesting that um serves a pragmatic, listener-oriented function. Moreover, in contrast to minimal production in ASD, the typical OO um production substantiates the normalization of subtle social communication in this population. Keywords Autism Optimal outcomes Pragmatics Discourse Disfluency Fillers