A process-based evaluation of dust-emitting winds in the CMIP5 simulation of HadGEM2-ES

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• 作者：Stephanie Fiedler ; Peter Knippertz ; Stephanie Woodward ; Gill M. Martin…
• 关键词：Dust emission ; Nocturnal low ; level jet ; Geostrophic wind ; Earth system model ; Climatology ; North Africa
• 刊名：Climate Dynamics
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：46
• 期：3-4
• 页码：1107-1130
• 全文大小：4,442 KB
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• 作者单位：Stephanie Fiedler (1) (2) (3)
  Peter Knippertz (1) (4)
  Stephanie Woodward (5)
  Gill M. Martin (5)
  Nicolas Bellouin (5) (6)
  Andrew N. Ross (1)
  Bernd Heinold (7)
  Kerstin Schepanski (7)
  Cathryn E. Birch (8)
  Ina Tegen (7)
  
  1. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
  2. Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
  3. Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
  4. Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
  5. Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
  6. Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
  7. Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
  8. MetOffice@Leeds, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geophysics and Geodesy
  Meteorology and Climatology
  Oceanography
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-0894

文摘

Despite the importance of dust aerosol in the Earth system, state-of-the-art models show a large variety for North African dust emission. This study presents a systematic evaluation of dust emitting-winds in 30 years of the historical model simulation with the UK Met Office Earth-system model HadGEM2-ES for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. Isolating the effect of winds on dust emission and using an automated detection for nocturnal low-level jets (NLLJs) allow an in-depth evaluation of the model performance for dust emission from a meteorological perspective. The findings highlight that NLLJs are a key driver for dust emission in HadGEM2-ES in terms of occurrence frequency and strength. The annually and spatially averaged occurrence frequency of NLLJs is similar in HadGEM2-ES and ERA-Interim from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Compared to ERA-Interim, a stronger pressure ridge over northern Africa in winter and the southward displaced heat low in summer result in differences in location and strength of NLLJs. Particularly the larger geostrophic winds associated with the stronger ridge have a strengthening effect on NLLJs over parts of West Africa in winter. Stronger NLLJs in summer may rather result from an artificially increased mixing coefficient under stable stratification that is weaker in HadGEM2-ES. NLLJs in the Bodélé Depression are affected by stronger synoptic-scale pressure gradients in HadGEM2-ES. Wintertime geostrophic winds can even be so strong that the associated vertical wind shear prevents the formation of NLLJs. These results call for further model improvements in the synoptic-scale dynamics and the physical parametrization of the nocturnal stable boundary layer to better represent dust-emitting processes in the atmospheric model. The new approach could be used for identifying systematic behavior in other models with respect to meteorological processes for dust emission. This would help to improve dust emission simulations and contribute to decreasing the currently large uncertainty in climate change projections with respect to dust aerosol. Keywords Dust emission Nocturnal low-level jet Geostrophic wind Earth system model Climatology North Africa