The Generation of Definitive Endoderm from Human Embryonic Stem Cells is Initially Independent from Activin A but Requires Canonical Wnt-Signaling

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• 作者：Ortwin Naujok (1)
  Ulf Diekmann (1)
  Sigurd Lenzen (1)
  
• 关键词：Human ESCs ; Definitive endoderm ; GSK3beta inhibition ; Wnt/脽 ; catenin pathway ; Primitive streak
• 刊名：Stem Cell Reviews and Reports
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：August 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：10
• 期：4
• 页码：480-493
• 全文大小：3,097 KB
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• 作者单位：Ortwin Naujok (1)
  Ulf Diekmann (1)
  Sigurd Lenzen (1)
  
  1. Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
  
• ISSN：1558-6804

文摘

The activation of the TGF-beta pathway by activin A directs ES cells into the definitive endoderm germ layer. However, there is evidence that activin A/TGF-beta is not solely responsible for differentiation into definitive endoderm. GSK3beta inhibition has recently been shown to generate definitive endoderm-like cells from human ES cells via activation of the canonical Wnt-pathway. The GSK3beta inhibitor CHIR-99021 has been reported to generate mesoderm from human iPS cells. Thus, the specific role of the GSK3beta inhibitor CHIR-99021 was analyzed during the differentiation of human ES cells and compared against a classic endoderm differentiation protocol. At high concentrations of CHIR-99021, the cells were directed towards mesodermal cell fates, while low concentrations permitted mesodermal and endodermal differentiation. Finally, the analyses revealed that GSK3beta inhibition rapidly directed human ES cells into a primitive streak-like cell type independently from the TGF-beta pathway with mesoderm and endoderm differentiation potential. Addition of low activin A concentrations effectively differentiated these primitive streak-like cells into definitive endoderm. Thus, the in vitro differentiation of human ES cells into definitive endoderm is initially independent from the activin A/TGF-beta pathway but requires high canonical Wnt-signaling activity.