Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) Elimination in Bangladesh: Successes and Challenges

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• 作者：Be-Nazir Ahmed ; Shah Golam Nabi ; Mizanur Rahman…
• 关键词：Visceral leishmaniasis ; National program ; Bangladesh ; VL ; Protozoa ; Leishmnaniasis
• 刊名：Current Tropical Medicine Reports
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：September 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：1
• 期：3
• 页码：163-169
• 全文大小：765KB
• 参考文献：1.Alvar J, V茅lez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, et al. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e35671.PubMed Central PubMed CrossRef
  2.World Health Organization: Regional Technical Advisory Group on Kala Azar Elimination. Report of the third meeting, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dhaka: World Health Organization, SEARO 2009.
  3.World Health Organization. Control of the leishmaniases. Report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, 22-26 March, 2010. WHO Technical Series 949.
  4.World Health Organization. Regional Technical Advisory Group on Kala-azar Elimination. Report of the first meeting, Manesar, Haryana, 20鈥?3 December 2004. New Delhi: Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2005.
  5.Rahman R, Bangali M, Kabir H, Naher FB, Mahboob S. Kala-azar situation in Bangladesh. In: Hossain M, editor. Natinal Guideline and Training Module for Kala-azar Elimination in Bangladesh. 1st ed. Dhaka: CDC, DGHS, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh; 2008.
  6.Ramesh V, Katara GK, Verma S, Salotra P. Miltefosine as an effective choice in the treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Br J Dermatol. 2011. doi:10.鈥?111/鈥媕.鈥?365-2133.鈥?011.鈥?0402.鈥媥 .PubMed
  7.Mondal D, Alam MS, Karim Z, Haque R, Boelaert M, Kroeger A. Present situation of vector-control management in Bangladesh: a wake up call. Health Policy. 2008;87(3):369鈥?6. doi:10.鈥?016/鈥媕.鈥媓ealthpol.鈥?008.鈥?1.鈥?11 .PubMed CrossRef
  8.Picado A, Dash AP, Bhattacharya S, Boelaert M. Vector control interventions for visceral leishmaniasis elimination initiative in South Asia, 2005-2010. Indian J Med Res. 2012;136(1):22鈥?1.PubMed Central PubMed
  9.Picado A, Singh SP, Rijal S, Sundar S, Ostyn B, Chappuis F, et al. Longlasting insecticidal nets for prevention of Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal: paired cluster randomised trial. BMJ. 2010;341:c6760. doi:10.鈥?136/鈥媌mj.鈥媍6760 .PubMed Central PubMed CrossRef
  10.Picado A, Das ML, Kumar V, Kesari S, Dinesh DS, Roy L, et al. Effect of village-wide use of long-lasting insecticidal nets on visceral Leishmaniasis vectors in India and Nepal: a cluster randomized trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4(1):e587. doi:10.鈥?371/鈥媕ournal.鈥媝ntd.鈥?000587 .PubMed Central PubMed CrossRef
  11.Mondal D, Chowdhury R, Huda MM, Maheswary NP, Akther S, Petzold M, et al. Insecticide-treated bed nets in rural Bangladesh: their potential role in the visceral leishmaniasis elimination programme. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15(11):1382鈥?. doi:10.鈥?111/鈥媕.鈥?365-3156.鈥?010.鈥?2635.鈥媥 .PubMed CrossRef
  12.Singh SP, Hirve S, Huda MM, Banjara MR, Kumar N, Mondal D, et al. Options for active case detection of visceral leishmaniasis in endemic districts of India, Nepal and Bangladesh, comparing yield, feasibility and costs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(2):e960. doi:10.鈥?371/鈥媕ournal.鈥媝ntd.鈥?000960 .PubMed Central PubMed CrossRef
  13.Mondal D, Singh SP, Kumar N, Joshi A, Sundar S, Das P, et al. Visceral leishmaniasis elimination programme in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal: reshaping the case finding/case management strategy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009;3(1):e355. doi:10.鈥?371/鈥媕ournal.鈥媝ntd.鈥?000355 .PubMed Central PubMed CrossRef
  14.Rahman M, Ahmed BN, Faiz MA, Chowdhury MZ, Islam QT, Sayeedur R, et al. Phase IV trial of miltefosine in adults and children for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;85(1):66鈥?. doi:10.鈥?269/鈥媋jtmh.鈥?011.鈥?0-0661 .PubMed Central PubMed CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Be-Nazir Ahmed (1)
  Shah Golam Nabi (1)
  Mizanur Rahman (4)
  Shahjada Selim (5)
  Ariful Bashar (2)
  Md. Mahbubur Rashid (1)
  Fahima Yeasmin Lira (1)
  Tanveer Ahmed Choudhury (1)
  Dinesh Mondal (3)
  
  1. Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
  4. Vector Borne Disease, WHO, Bangladesh, Gulshan 2, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
  5. Department of Medicine, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Sher-e-Bangla Nagor, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
  2. Suriya Kanta Kala-azar Research Center, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
  3. Centre For Nutrition and Food Security, Parasitology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
  
• 刊物类别：Tropical Medicine; Parasitology; Behavioral Sciences; Infectious Diseases;
• 刊物主题：Tropical Medicine; Parasitology; Behavioral Sciences; Infectious Diseases;
• 出版者：Springer International Publishing
• ISSN：2196-3045

文摘

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) also known as kala-azar is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. A national VL elimination program was initiated in 2008 in Bangladesh after the signing of a memorandum of understanding between the Government of Bangladesh, India, and Nepal in 2005 for the elimination of VL from these three countries by 2015. Following the strategic plan of the VL elimination program of the three countries, the national program in Bangladesh was established in 2008. Based on information in the directorate general of health services, expert opinions in a recently held advocacy meeting in Dhaka and on available scientific literature, we report here the successes and challenges of the national VL elimination program in Bangladesh. The program prepared the national kala-azar elimination guidelines and strategic plan for VL elimination in consultation with the technical working group for VL elimination and VL experts in Bangladesh and abroad, including the World Health Organization-The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR). The program trained health staff from all VL endemic hospitals in proper diagnosis and treatment, stratified the country according to VL burden, and introduced the rapid diagnostic test and oral treatment with miltefosine at no cost for patients. Integrated vector control management with indoor residual spraying and the distribution of commercial, long-lasting, insecticide-treated bed-nets were also studied and then implemented. VL burden has declined, but is still far from the target of VL elimination. Thus, the program must continue to maintain these activities and also introduce new activities to involve community participation in the program. The program is facing challenges regarding the shortage of human resources and logistics because of a scarcity of resources. To maintain the success of the program, support from national and international donor agencies and policy makers will be necessary. Other options for the treatment of VL patients as well as for vector control must also be considered. Keywords Visceral leishmaniasis National program Bangladesh VL Protozoa Leishmnaniasis