Three-dimensional ultrasound measurements of carotid vessel wall and plaque thickness and their relationship with pulmonary abnormalities in ex-smokers without airflow limitation

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• 作者：Jieyu Cheng ; Damien Pike ; Tommy W. S. Chow…
• 关键词：Carotid atherosclerosis ; Three ; dimensional ultrasound ; Pulmonary disease ; Ex ; smokers ; Vessel ; wall ; plus ; plaque thickness (VWT) map ; Vessel wall volume (VWV)
• 刊名：The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (formerly Cardiac Imaging)
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：September 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：32
• 期：9
• 页码：1391-1402
• 全文大小：2,877 KB
• 刊物类别：Medicine
• 刊物主题：Medicine & Public Health
  Cardiology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-0743
• 卷排序：32

文摘

The relationship between carotid disease and modestly abnormal airflow in ex-smokers without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not well-understood. We generated 3D ultrasound measurements of carotid vessel-wall-plus-plaque thickness (VWT) and vessel wall volume (VWV) to quantify and evaluate such carotid ultrasound measurements in ex- and never-smokers without airflow limitation. These patients did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for COPD. We also investigated the relationship of carotid atherosclerosis with pulmonary phenotypes of COPD. We evaluated 61 subjects without a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary or vascular diseases including 34 never-smokers (72 ± 6 year) and 27 ex-smokers (73 ± 9 year). We measured mean VWT (\(\overline{VWT}\)) and mean VWT specific to carotid regions-of-interest (\({{\overline{VWT}}_{S}}\)) and evaluated potential differences between ex- and never-smokers. Carotid ultrasound and pulmonary disease measurement relationships were also evaluated using correlation coefficients (r) and multivariate regression analyses. Ex-smokers had a significantly greater \(\overline{VWT}\) (p = 0.003) and \({{\overline{VWT}}_{S}}\) (p < 0.00001) than never-smokers, whereas a significant difference between the two groups was not detected by VWV (p = 1.0). There were significant correlations between the ventilation defect percent (VDP) measured by MRI with \(\overline{VWT}\) (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and \({{\overline{VWT}}_{S}}\) (r = 0.56, p = 0.00001). Multivariate regression models showed that VDP significantly predicted \(\overline{VWT}\) (β = 0.38, p = 0.004) and \({{\overline{VWT}}_{S}}\) (β = 0.50, p = 0.00001). VWT-based measurements detected differences in vessel-wall-plus-plaque burden in ex- and never-smokers, which were not revealed using VWV. There were significant correlations between cardiovascular and pulmonary disease biomarkers in these ex-smokers who did not have a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary or carotid disease.