The formation and development of debris flows in large watersheds after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

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• 作者：Xiaojun Guo ; Peng Cui ; Yong Li ; Qiang Zou ; Yingde Kong
• 关键词：Debris flows ; Triggering rainfall ; Formation ; Large watershed ; Wenchuan earthquake
• 刊名：Landslides
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：13
• 期：1
• 页码：25-37
• 全文大小：5,606 KB
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• 作者单位：Xiaojun Guo (1) (2) (3)
  Peng Cui (1) (2)
  Yong Li (1) (2)
  Qiang Zou (1) (3)
  Yingde Kong (1) (3)
  
  1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Hazards/Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
  2. Asian Network on Debris Flow, Chengdu, 610041, China
  3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Applied Geosciences
  Geography
  Agriculture
  Civil Engineering
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1612-5118

文摘

The Wenchuan earthquake has caused abundance of loose materials supplies for debris flows. Many debris flows have occurred in watersheds in area beyond 20 km2, presenting characteristics differing from those in small watersheds. The debris flows yearly frequency decreases exponentially, and the average debris flow magnitude increases linearly with watershed size. The rainfall thresholds for debris flows in large watersheds were expressed as I = 14.7 D −0.79 (2 h < D < 56 h), which is considerably higher than those in small watersheds as I = 4.4 D −0.70 (2 h < D < 37 h). A case study is conducted in Ergou, 39.4 km2 in area, to illustrate the formation and development processes of debris flows in large watersheds. A debris flow develops in a large watershed only when the rainfall was high enough to trigger the wide-spread failures and erosions on slope and realize the confluence in the watershed. The debris flow was supplied by the widely distributed failures dominated by rill erosions (14 in 22 sources in this case). The intermittent supplying increased the size and duration of debris flow. While the landslide dam failures provided most amounts for debris flows (57 % of the total amount), and amplified the discharge suddenly. During these processes, the debris flow velocity and density increased as well. The similar processes were observed in other large watersheds, indicating this case is representative. Keywords Debris flows Triggering rainfall Formation Large watershed Wenchuan earthquake