Neighbor-index-division steganography based on QIM method for G.723.1 speech streams

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• 作者：Jin Liu ; Hui Tian ; Jing Lu ; Yonghong Chen
• 关键词：Quantization index modulation ; Complementary neighbor vertices ; Speech steganography ; G.723.1 speech streams ; Voice over IP
• 刊名：Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：7
• 期：1
• 页码：139-147
• 全文大小：541 KB
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• 作者单位：Jin Liu (1)
  Hui Tian (1)
  Jing Lu (2)
  Yonghong Chen (1)
  
  1. College of Computer Science and Technology, National Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
  2. Department of Information Systems, National Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
  
• 刊物类别：Engineering
• 刊物主题：Computational Intelligence
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1868-5145

文摘

Quantization index modulation (QIM) is a commonly used steganography method exploiting redundancy in codebook quantization procedure of signal encoding. The feasibility of steganography based on QIM depends on codebook division algorithm which mainly determines embedding capacity, latency and complexity of embedding and extracting algorithm. A novel neighbor-index-division (NID) codebook division method with a simple and more security implementation for G.723.1 speech streams is proposed. Differing from existing complementary neighbor vertices (CNV) algorithm, NID divides neighbor-indexed codewords into separated sub-codebooks (partitions) combined with a suitable stego coding strategy. Moreover, NID method makes multiple division (k sub-codebooks, k ≥ 3) for one single codebook possible, thus increases embedding capacity. To take full advantage of the partitions especially for odd-numbered division, multi-ary coding strategy is introduced in embedding and extracting procedures. Experimental results demonstrate that proposed method has almost the same distortion compared with CNV in binary division condition but a much easier implementation and introduces flexible multiple division methods which is more suitable for practical covert communication applications. Further, by applying a commonly used COV(1, 3, 2) stego coding strategy, NID is able to resist the state-of-art steganalysis towards QIM with a still practical embedding rate. Keywords Quantization index modulation Complementary neighbor vertices Speech steganography G.723.1 speech streams Voice over IP