Solid \(^4\) He: Progress, Status, and Outlook for Mass Flux Measurements

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• 作者：R. B. Hallock
• 关键词：Solid helium ; Helium ; Superfluid ; Quantum fluids
• 刊名：Journal of Low Temperature Physics
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：July 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：180
• 期：1-2
• 页码：6-19
• 全文大小：1,301 KB
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• 作者单位：R. B. Hallock (1)
  
  1. Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Physics and Astronomy
• 刊物主题：Physics
  Condensed Matter
  Characterization and Evaluation Materials
  Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-7357

文摘

After a brief introduction, what is provided there is brief summary of work with solid \(^4\)He done at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and an outlook for future work. What is presented here is based on a presentation made at the Quantum Gases Fluids and Solids Workshop in Sao Paulo, Brazil in August of 2014. Our work with solid \(^4\)He is aimed at the question: Can a sample cell filled with solid \(^4\)He support a mass flux through the cell? The answer, as will be shown here, is yes. Evidence for this from several types of experiments will be reviewed. There will be an emphasis on more recent work, work that explores how the flux observed depends on temperature and on the \(^3\)He impurity level. The behavior observed suggests that solid \(^4\)He may be an example of a material that demonstrates Bosonic Luttinger liquid behavior. The normalized \(^4\)He flux has a universal temperature dependence. The presence of \(^3\)He at different impurity levels shows that the \(^3\)He blocks the flux at a characteristic temperature. The behavior appears to be consistent with the cores of dislocations as the entity that carries the flux, but it is clear that more work needs to be done to fully understand solid \(^4\)He.