Ancient coexistence of norepinephrine, tyramine, and octopamine signaling in bilaterians
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- 作者：Philipp Bauknecht ; Gáspár Jékely
- 关键词：Octopamine ; Tyramine ; Norepinephrine ; Noradrenaline ; GPCR evolution ; Neurotransmitter ; Saccoglossus ; Platynereis ; Priapulus ; Xenacoelomorpha
- 刊名：BMC Biology
- 出版年：2017
- 出版时间：December 2017
- 年：2017
- 卷：15
- 期：1
- 全文大小：2088KB
- 刊物主题：Life Sciences, general;
- 出版者：BioMed Central
- ISSN：1741-7007
- 卷排序：15
文摘
BackgroundNorepinephrine/noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter implicated in arousal and other aspects of vertebrate behavior and physiology. In invertebrates, adrenergic signaling is considered absent and analogous functions are performed by the biogenic amines octopamine and its precursor tyramine. These chemically similar transmitters signal by related families of G-protein-coupled receptors in vertebrates and invertebrates, suggesting that octopamine/tyramine are the invertebrate equivalents of vertebrate norepinephrine. However, the evolutionary relationships and origin of these transmitter systems remain unclear.