Reflexive orienting in response to short- and long-duration gaze cues in young, young-old, and old-old adults

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• 作者：Nora D. Gayzur (1) (3)
  Linda K. Langley (1) (2)
  Chris Kelland (1)
  Sara V. Wyman (1)
  Alyson L. Saville (1)
  Annie T. Ciernia (1)
  Ganesh Padmanabhan (1)
  
• 关键词：Aging ; Attention ; Reflexive orienting ; Gaze cues ; Cue duration ; Time course ; Old ; old
• 刊名：Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：February 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：76
• 期：2
• 页码：407-419
• 全文大小：425 KB
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• 作者单位：Nora D. Gayzur (1) (3)
  Linda K. Langley (1) (2)
  Chris Kelland (1)
  Sara V. Wyman (1)
  Alyson L. Saville (1)
  Annie T. Ciernia (1)
  Ganesh Padmanabhan (1)
  
  1. Department of Psychology and Center for Visual and Cognitive Neuroscience, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
  3. Department of Psychology (Box 85), University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK, 73034, USA
  2. Department of Psychology (2765), North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
  
• ISSN：1943-393X

文摘

Shifting visual focus on the basis of the perceived gaze direction of another person is one form of joint attention. In the present study, we investigated whether this socially relevant form of orienting is reflexive and whether it is influenced by age. Green and Woldorff (Cognition 122:96-01, 2012) argued that rapid cueing effects (i.e., faster responses to validly than to invalidly cued targets) were limited to conditions in which a cue overlapped in time with a target. They attributed slower responses following invalid cues to the time needed to resolve the incongruent spatial information provided by the concurrently presented cue and target. In the present study, we examined the orienting responses of young (18-1?years), young-old (60-4?years), and old-old (75-1?years) adults following uninformative central gaze cues that overlapped in time with the target (Exp. 1) or that were removed prior to target presentation (Exp. 2). When the cue and target overlapped, all three groups localized validly cued targets more quickly than invalidly cued targets, and validity effects emerged earlier for the two younger groups (at 100?ms post-cue-onset) than for the old-old group (at 300?ms post-cue-onset). With a short-duration cue (Exp. 2), validity effects developed rapidly (by 100?ms) for all three groups, suggesting that validity effects resulted from reflexive orienting based on the gaze cue information rather than from cue–target conflict. Thus, although old-old adults may be slow to disengage from persistent gaze cues, attention continues to be reflexively guided by gaze cues late in life.